Title

Presentation

Ribbon Communications Inc. beats earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $-0.05, expectations were $-0.06.

Operator: Greetings, and welcome to the Ribbon Communications First Quarter 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Fahad Najam, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Fahad Najam: Good afternoon, and welcome to Ribbon’s First Quarter 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. I’m Fahad Najam, SVP, Corporate Strategy and Investor Relations at Ribbon Community cases. Also on the call today are Bruce McClelland, Ribbon’s Chief Executive Officer; and John Townsend, Ribbon’s Chief Financial Officer. Today’s call is being webcast live and will be archived on the Investor Relations section of our website at rbbn.com, where both our press release and supplemental slides are currently available. Certain matters we will be discussing today, including the business outlook and financial projections for the second quarter of 2026 and beyond are forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements.

These risks and uncertainties are discussed in our documents filed with the SEC, including our most recent Form 10-K. I refer you to our safe harbor statement included in the supplemental financial information posted on our website. In addition, we will present non-GAAP financial information on this call. Reconciliations to the applicable GAAP measures are included in the earnings press release we issued earlier today. as well as in the supplemental financial information we prepared for this conference call, which again, are both available on the Investor Relations section of our website. And now I would like to turn the call over to Bruce. Bruce?

Bruce McClelland: Great. Thanks, Fahad. Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for joining us today to discuss our first quarter results and outlook for the rest of 2026. As highlighted on our last earnings call, we ended 2025 with a broadening customer base and increasing backlog, and we continue to expect a much stronger second half with meaningful improvements starting this quarter. Our first quarter revenue was in line with our expectations and consistent with the industry dynamics we outlined back in February, causing us slower than normal start to the year. Visibility into our customers’ plans for the rest of the year and confidence in second half growth has improved since the beginning of the year, particularly around the specific areas we highlighted where we were being cautious.

Sales in the first quarter were near the midpoint of our guidance but with stronger-than-expected demand in India, particularly with Bardi Airtel, who was a 10%-plus customer in the quarter. This was offset by lower sales than we anticipated the U.S. Tier 1 service providers, which I’ll comment on more in a minute. This shift in mix resulted in lower gross margins and earnings for the quarter. When comparing year-over-year, as we expected, sales were lower in both of our segments with Cloud and edge down 8% and IP Optical Networks down 14% in the first quarter. From an end market perspective, the majority of the year-over-year decline was due to lower sales to service providers in multiple regions. Within the Cloud & Edge segment, sales to service providers declined approximately 5% year-over-year, primarily in the U.S. region across a number of smaller customers.

Horizon remained a 10%-plus customer in the first quarter. And while voice network transformation activity was lower than we had expected, impacting our first quarter results. Deployment rates are increasing, and we anticipate a much stronger second half in 2027. Expansion into the Frontier footprint remains a significant incremental opportunity. Within the IP Optical segment, sales to service providers in the Asia Pac region were down year-over-year following a strong performance from the region last year. Demand in India was stronger than we initially expected, and we are increasingly confident in our outlook in that region for the year ahead. IP optical sales in Europe in the first quarter were lower year-over-year primarily due to the completion of a long-term support and maintenance contract with a Tier 1 service provider customer, reducing our IP optical maintenance revenue, partially offset by maintenance increases with our growing installed base.

Importantly, IP optical bookings in the quarter were strong at 1.5x, indicating a much improved quarter ahead. Within the enterprise market vertical, aggregate sales to enterprise defense and critical infrastructure customers declined approximately 6% in the first quarter versus last year, with lower cloud and edge sales to U.S. government agencies partially offset by increased IP optical business with international defense agencies. Voice network modernization projects with several U.S. federal agencies continue to progress towards full deployment in the coming months. and we expect further capacity expansion and new projects in the second half of the year. These modernization projects are mission-critical to our Department of War agencies as these legacy infrastructures are becoming increasingly expensive to maintain.

Consolidated gross margin in the quarter was approximately 300 basis points below our expectations, primarily due to the lower network transformation professional services revenue with elevated service expenses. We believe voice modernization initiatives remain a strategic priority for service providers such as Verizon, and we expect activity to accelerate in the second half of the year. In order to support the increased work, we are deliberately retaining key resources and expertise, even though revenue is lower in the first half. While this decision impacts gross margins and near-term profitability, we believe it positions us well to execute efficiently as volumes increase later in the year. This is a deliberate investment in execution readiness.

Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was negative $8 million, below our guidance range to lower gross profit dollars. Overall book-to-bill in the quarter was 1.1x with IP optical at 1.5x and supporting the increased expectations in Q2 and second half of the year. Now a few more highlights in each of our operating segments. In our IP Optical Networks business, we had a number of key wins in several strategic areas, including in the rapidly growing data center interconnect space, we had 3 new wins across multiple geographies, including Europe, the U.S. and Asia. Two of the projects involve a regional service provider expanding their network to support data center connectivity in their regions. And 1 of the projects is a major biotech company, connecting all of their major data center locations with a new high-capacity optical network.

It’s great to see our momentum picking up in this crucial high-growth area. Similarly, we had 5 new project awards in the quarter from major energy producers and distributors in countries such as Germany, Vietnam Singapore and Colombia. They are all focused on building of secure, private, command and control networks to keep pace with the critical nature of their business. In fact, 2 of the new 400-gig networks are leveraging Quantum Key Distribution encryption for enhanced security using our Apollo optical transport platform. In Africa, we have received an award for a major fiber network expansion across 3 countries, which we expect will exceed over $10 million with first revenue in the second quarter. And here in the U.S., we now have more than 30 customers who have already deployed our IP and optical products that have been awarded bead grants, where we expect incremental new business once funds are finally distributed.

Similarly, in our Cloud Edge segment, we had a lot of activity in the first quarter around several strategic areas. One of the key areas of focus for any enterprise and service provider customers is the adoption of cloud native technologies to lower costs and reduce complexity, whether in their own private data centers or in public cloud. We reached full commercial deployment of our cloud-native SBC solution with a leading service provider in Japan in the first quarter and have a very extensive program underway with a Tier 1 provider in Europe. This is a fundamental shift in how networks are designed and how software is managed and deployed to achieve higher degrees of automation, elasticity and reliability. Public cloud is the ultimate destination for many customers, which is why we’ve established a new partnership with Amazon Web Services that we recently announced at MWC in February.

Our first 2 customers are now live and providing commercial service with our cloud-native SBC running in AWS. This is an important strategic milestone and reinforces our leadership position in cloud native secure voice infrastructure. Over time, we see opportunities to help enable emerging Agentic AI platforms to seamlessly support voice within their application environment. In the enterprise market, the financial services vertical is a key focus area for us, where we are widely deployed across many of the leading banks and insurance companies. Within the quarter, we were excited to further expand our presence and in a new top 20 bank to our customer base in the U.S. as mentioned on our last earnings call, we had significant voice network transformation orders in the fourth quarter, and we are executing against these new contracts.

These programs typically convert to revenue over 6 to 12 months or longer on large deployments, which positions us for a strong second half. Finally, we continue to make good progress preparing to launch our new AI Ops and automation platform, acumen with lead customer, Optimum, which we expect to go live later this quarter. We have a growing pipeline of customers spanning a number of different use cases, including mobile and fixed wireless services, emergency E911 services, fiber to the home Internet service assurance and several others. With that, I’ll turn the call over to John to provide additional financial details on our results and then come back on to discuss outlook for the second quarter. John?

John Townsend: Thanks, Bruce, and good afternoon, everyone. Let’s begin with financial results on a consolidated level. In the first quarter of 2026, Ribbon generated revenues of $163 million, a decrease of 10% from the prior year. driven by the factors Bruce outlined and which I will touch on shortly in the segmental discussion. Consolidated non-GAAP gross margin was abnormally low in the quarter at 45.8%. And down 280 basis points year-on-year, primarily due to lower professional services revenue with continued higher costs to support the anticipated ramp in the second half. Non-GAAP operating expenses were $87 million, an increase of $1 million year-over-year, driven by FX headwinds of approximately $4 million, offset by expense savings.

This resulted in marginally higher R&D costs. Most of the FX impact was a result of the strong rate shekel. Adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $8 million, a $14 million decrease from the prior year, driven principally by the low revenues and gross margins. Net interest expense in the quarter was $10 million. Quarterly non-GAAP net loss was $8 million, $4 million worse year-over-year, this generated a non-GAAP diluted loss per share of $0.05, which was a decrease of $0.02 versus the prior year. Now let’s look at the results of our 2 business segments. In our IP Optical Networks results we recorded first quarter revenues of $63 million, a 14% decrease versus the prior year, which was driven principally by lower sales in Asia Pacific and lower maintenance revenue.

Encouragingly, we had stronger IP optical bookings in the quarter with a book-to-bill ratio of 1.5x, underpinning our expectations for improving top line performance as we proceed through the year. First quarter non-GAAP gross margin for IP Optical was 28.4%, similar to last year, but lower than our target level due to the higher mix of India revenues and also fixed cost absorption. We expect this to improve materially in the second quarter and for the rest of the year. IP Optical Networks adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was a loss of $16 million, a $1.7 million higher loss than the prior year driven by the lower revenues. Now on to our Cloud and Edge business. We generated first quarter revenue of $100 million, down 8% year-over-year. Non-GAAP gross margins were 56.8% and down 575 basis points from the prior year, primarily due to lower professional services revenues while carrying higher service costs in readiness for the anticipated second half ramp in voice network transformation deployments.

As a result, adjusted EBITDA for the segment was $8 million or 8% of revenue and down $12 million year-on-year on the lower revenues on gross margins. Cash flow from operations was a usage of $22 million in the quarter, resulting from the lower billings and typical seasonal employee-related expenses. Closing cash was $70 million, and our net debt leverage ratio was 2.9x. Total CapEx spend in the quarter was $3 million, and this is in line with our normal run rate. In conclusion, we remain focused on operational execution and cost management and are confident that we will see meaningful growth in the second half of the year, improving both revenue and margins in both segments, which we expect to drive stronger profitability. And with that, I’ll turn the call back to Bruce.

Bruce McClelland: Great. Thanks, John. As we move forward through the balance of the year, our confidence in the broader setup for the business continues to improve. While first half results remain influenced by customer timing dynamics, the demand environment across our core markets is strengthening, and our pipeline continues to expand. We are making targeted investments in execution readiness that we can capitalize on the opportunities already in front of us. Importantly, we ended the year with solid momentum reflected in the strong bookings over the last 6 months and a healthy pipeline across service provider, enterprise, EMEA and Asia Pac markets. Looking ahead to the second quarter, we expect meaningful revenue acceleration from enterprise and EMEA customers, continued sequential improvement at our major Tier 1 service providers and ongoing strength in India.

In the second half, we anticipate growth across practically all regions and broad-based improvement across most of our markets, including a return to higher deployment levels at Verizon. Beyond that, we remain well positioned to capture incremental growth opportunity from increasing traction in key growth pillars of our business. The largest market opportunity continues to be the replacement of legacy voice communication infrastructure within service provider networks with modern cloud-based technology. In addition to the large Verizon project, in the fourth quarter, we had more than $50 million of bookings from more than a dozen service provider customers, where we were replacing legacy voice switch infrastructure with modern software-based systems.

These projects will continue for most of the year, and we anticipate a reacceleration of our Verizon program in the second half of the year. In a growing number of cases, customers are choosing to move to a cloud-native technology stack, either deployed in their own private data centers or in a public cloud environment. Ribbon is certainly the technology leader in this area. The second key focus area of growth for Ribbon this year is in the enterprise and government market sectors where we are uniquely positioned with our voice and data portfolio. We expect this to be a very strong segment for us this quarter with a number of large enterprise projects across both our IP Optical and Secure Voice portfolio. Within the U.S. government sector, we have several large voice modernization projects underway where we are heads down the first half of the year, migrating end users onto a new cloud-based platform and anticipate new opportunities and further capacity growth in the second half of the year.

Our third major focus area this year is the exponential growth in data traffic and the massive investment in broadband infrastructure. We have a significant number of projects already underway in the second quarter as highlighted by the strong book-to-bill in Q1. This includes several major network upgrade projects in Europe and Africa, further growth in India, large projects in the Asia Pac region and continued strength with defense agencies in Europe. Finally, our Acumen AI Ops initiatives continue to generate strong customer interest with several proof-of-concept discussions progressing well across multiple target use cases and integration of secure carrier-grade voice capability with emerging AI and a genic AI platform is gaining traction.

This is an area where Ribbon is uniquely differentiated. Our recently announced partnership with Amazon Web Services is an important strategic milestone and reinforces our leadership position in cloud native secure voice infrastructure. This partnership is already generating increased customer engagement and pipeline activity. Overall, we remain confident in the broader setup for the year and continue to expect stronger performance starting this quarter. Based on the foregoing, for the second quarter, we expect revenue in a range of $185 million to $195 million and adjusted EBITDA in the range of $9 million to $14 million. In summary, the market dynamics we discussed 90 days ago were unfolding as anticipated, and we remain confident in our outlook for accelerating performance in the second half of 2026.

Before we open up for questions, I just wanted to take a moment to highlight. We have also made an announcement this afternoon that John will be leaving the company for another opportunity back in the Telecom Services segment. While I’m sorry to see John leave and fully understand his decision, I’m very excited to announce the promotion of Rick Marmurek to the role of Ribbon Chief Financial Officer. Rick has been an important leader in the company for more than 15 years, playing a key role in building our global finance organization. He is absolutely the right person for the job and will help drive the next phase of execution for the company. John, we wish you well on your next endeavor.

John Townsend: Thanks, Bruce. And I’d really like to say I’ve enjoyed my time here at Ribbon. I remain confident that the company has a bright future. And Rick, I know you’ll do a great job. Congratulations.

Unknown Executive: Thanks, John and Bruce. I’m very excited about this new opportunity and look forward to continuing to work closely with the teams across the business to drive sustainable growth and operational excellence.

Bruce McClelland: Great. Well, thanks, Rick. And operator, why don’t we now open up for a few questions?

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Michael Genovese with Rosenblatt Securities.

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Michael Genovese: First, let me just say, John, congratulations on the new opportunity. And it was a nice working with you at Ribbon, and just look forward to staying in touch. I guess, Bruce, the question that I’ll start with is you seem to have a lot of confidence of improvement in the second quarter. But then the Verizon cloud and edge sounds like it doesn’t really get meaningfully better until the second half of the year. Can you just talk more about the timing of Verizon’s being stronger in the second half of the year than the first half of the year and just more detail on that?

Bruce McClelland: Yes. Mike, and I know what — John says thank you, by the way, he’s with me. So I think you read it correctly. We don’t expect a significant increase in revenue here in the second quarter with our top customer although I think the improvement in deployment rates will progressively improve throughout the quarter. The growth in the second quarter is focused in a number of different areas. In particular, we expect a very strong quarter from enterprise customers in North America. We’ve got a great set of programs there that are both in the cloud edge piece of the business as well as in our IP Optical business, around some of the critical infrastructure deployments we have going here in the North America market.

So that’s a big part of the growth. And then the EMEA region, both kind of Continental Europe as well as Africa. We’re looking forward to a pretty strong quarter. So I think that’s where the step-up is coming from here in the second quarter. And then as we get into third and fourth quarter, in addition to growth around Verizon growth relative to the first half of the year, obviously, we’ve got a variety of different increases expected from U.S. federal market and additional capacity expansions there. Growth in the Asia Pac region and again, even a stronger second half in Europe. So it’s pretty broad-based and a nice funnel ahead of us this year.

Michael Genovese: Great. Okay. Great. I noticed on your presentation, there is a slide about the number of data centers and rural areas, which I find interesting. But I’m wondering about the correlation between that and it seems like what would be more compelling is not the location of the data centers, but how many are being built by sort of regional service providers versus hyperscalers. So I’m just curious is there a relationship there between the location being rural and the regional service provider. I mean, are we supposed to draw — like can you just help me drive these conclusions?

Bruce McClelland: Yes. I think the correlation isn’t so much the regional service providers building the data center it’s leveraging the network infrastructure they’re putting in place for their fiber-to-the-home and capacity expansions to then pick up additional traffic and interconnect into more regional data centers as they build out into those areas. As you know, I think that’s kind of our sweet spot is with the regional operators. And I even mentioned the growing opportunity around bed where funding is available to be able to build out middle mile capacity. And then it’s a matter of how do you put as much traffic on that as you can. And so we see that in the North American market. And then we see it in a variety of international markets as well, where the fiber connectivity is coming from an operator or a service provider, not necessarily just dedicated dark fiber circuits.

Michael Genovese: Great. And then finally for me before I pass it on. Could you just flesh out more for me the Agentic opportunity and how you guys support that and play into Agentic AI? I’m — it’s a little bit of a newer part of the story. So I’d like to be brought up to speed there.

Bruce McClelland: Yes, I think — I’d like to think of it in kind of 2 different aspects. So 1 is certainly this new platform we’re launching called Acumen where we’re basically working with our current customers to add an genic AI-driven operations center, if you will, to help them manage their network, create their own agents to be able to automate what today is done in a more human way into a much more automated way. And we’re building on top of a couple of different platforms we already have deployed in particular, our analytics platform, which is pretty widely deployed, collecting vast amounts of information off the network and then feeding that into an Agentic layer into a large language model and basically learning different characteristics of the network and being able to take advantage of that.

So that’s 1 aspect of it. And as I mentioned, we’re launching late this quarter kind of commercially with our lead customer Optimum here in the U.S. The second part of how we see an opportunity for us is as the use of Agentic AI becomes more prevalent in enterprises. We think the connection between the user and the Agentic applications will be voice driven. And so there’s a need to basically protect that boundary and be able to facilitate the voice traffic similar to what you would do in a Microsoft Teams or Zoom or Webex type application. And so we are able to repurpose our voice platforms into that type of use case and the first launch customers on the AWS deployment that I talked about are effectively using our session border controller in that way to interconnect into their Agentic AI applications.

And so we think there’s a real opportunity there as new types of Agentic AI platforms are deployed for us to have a play there, again, very similar to how UCaaS platforms are working.

Operator: [Operator Instructions] Our next question is from Tim Savageaux with Northland Capital Markets.

Timothy Savageaux: Sorry about that. You talked about, hey, a couple of the product drivers for the Q2, the sequential growth in Q2, but I don’t know if you talked about that from a segment standpoint, whether you expect a meaningful difference in growth rate by segments you’ve had book-to-bills in each of them in the last quarter or 2. But any color there and then I can follow-up.

Bruce McClelland: Yes. No, good question, Tim. So we expect growth in both segments here in the second quarter versus the first quarter. And as you just pointed out, the bookings over the last 6 months combined have been very solid for us. So we’re expecting both segments to be growing. I do believe that IP Optical segment will grow more than the Cloud and Edge segment in the second quarter. As I mentioned, in North America, we’ve got a number of great opportunities for growth here in various different markets I mentioned. So I highlighted a number of kind of interesting wins in the first quarter that helped build the backlog some around data center interconnect as we start to deploy our new 948 transport, optical transport platform into that market and then a number of critical infrastructure again, kind of a broad range of different customers, Columbia, Vietnam, Europe, Germany.

So all of those are kind of contributing to the growth here in the second quarter. I think Cloud and Edge would obviously be growing faster as the Verizon deployments kind of picked back up again, and that will be a key part of the growth into the second half of the year.

Timothy Savageaux: Okay. Just as an aside, I just want to check in, those sound like absolute dollar comments, I ought to go smaller. So I want to check on that versus percentages. But the main follow-up question was, if we look at Q1 results, is it fair to look at the year-on-year declines in Cloud Edge. Is that mostly Verizon or not at all? I know they stayed on the 10% list, but I assume they are done pretty good. And then maybe a little more in depth on the IP Optical decline year-over-year in terms — I guess India was up. So what was the real weakness there?

Bruce McClelland: Yes. So 3 good questions. So the first 1 around dollars versus percentages for second quarter, I think from a dollars perspective, the IP Optical business will be up more from a dollars or revenue perspective. And I think that translates probably into a larger percentage increase at the same time. So for — yes, we don’t guide each individual segment, but I think that’s the trend we’re expecting to see in the second quarter. The question on kind of year-over-year, what was down in the first quarter? Was it Verizon versus other things. Actually, Verizon was perhaps the smallest piece year-over-year from Q1 last year to Q1 this year. It was really actually not 1 specific thing. It was a number of kind of smaller projects that we had with different service providers.

I think we were down 5%, 6% in the first quarter on Cloud and Edge. So it wasn’t a big drop, and it wasn’t 1 individual customer, kind of a series of smaller things. I think in the last question, which was similar around the IP Optical decline. The Asia Pac region in the first quarter, including India was fairly consistent, maybe off $1 million or $2 or something like that, so very consistent year-over-year, with India being the strongest piece of that market for us. So the weaker parts was really around the European market and a little bit in North America as well, but I think Europe was the kind of the largest contributor to the decline in the first quarter. And our business in Europe, in particular, is concentrated with a whole variety of different types of critical infrastructure customers, railways, oil and gas, big in defense.

And those projects tend to be project based. You win something, you complete it and then you go find the next program. So it can be a little bit lumpy. As you see now, with the bookings metric, clearly, that was a real positive and sets us up for stronger growth here in the second, third quarter.

Timothy Savageaux: And that was my last question actually, talking about that IP Optical, book-to-bill, and you guys highlighted what’s happening, data center interconnect-wise, pretty significantly here in the report. Say you gave us an order of magnitude, I think, on this contribution from your big Africa deal. I wonder to what extent do you see either what you’ve booked order wise or the opportunity pipeline or however you want to term it in terms of additional color, how you would look at this DCI opportunity in terms of materiality relative to either book-to-bill or the overall IP Optical business?

Bruce McClelland: Yes. So the data center interconnect space was not a big focus area for us, say, 3 or 4 years ago. We really, as you know, have been very focused on. We can’t do everything. So we’re focused in on critical infrastructure segment where highly secure, robust capabilities are really crucial. So that was a real sweet spot. And then building out our capabilities around middle mile IP MPLS in the access and aggregation layers of the network, which is 1 of the big strengths in our India deployments. So the third leg in the stool really for us is around data center interconnect, and we kind of started in full earnest last year with the launch of 2 new platforms, our 2700 series which is a very dense aggregation platform for aggregating 400-gig IP clients and the other optical transport platform, which was built for the data center, basically built for enterprise, different form factor, a compact modular flood design that allows us to leverage pluggable optics and — so those were the 2 new products that we launched last year focused around data center.

And so that’s allowed us to start to generate wins and kind of grow into that market. Relative to the first 2 markets, it’s small for us today, but we’ve improved our go-to-market to match the new products that have come out, and we do think it’s a stronger growth path for us. It’s a little hard for us to forecast revenue yet at this point because we’re kind of building wins as we go. But I think you’ll hear a lot more about it from us in the future. Obviously, there’s a ton of spend going into data centers, and we want to be able to go after that market, both through our service provider customers as well as direct into different types of data centers.

Operator: There are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back over to Bruce McClelland for any closing remarks.

Bruce McClelland: Okay. Great. Thanks, Paul for — maybe Russ has squeezed in on the question line, Paul, if you can check with them.

Operator: Our next question is from Rustam Kanga with Citizens.

Rustam Kanga: Is it fair to say, Bruce, that visibility into the sustainability on the India CapEx side, has improved since last quarter, and that’s largely intact now?

Bruce McClelland: Yes. On the last call, I talked about really 3 different areas that we were being cautious on around the growth in India around plans with Verizon and others around network transformation. And we feel like we’ve got better improved visibility. Clearly, the India market is remaining very strong. In fact, it was a it was a catalyst for us to do well in the revenue line for Q1. So I think we’re feeling better. I think the enterprise market, both critical infrastructure on our IP optical side, and then large enterprise around our secure voice looks really robust for the rest of the year. And then the final area that I’ve been just cautious on is around the U.S. federal space. I mentioned we have a couple of large programs that need to get into full deployment, so we can start adding capacity to that. So those were the areas that I think we were more cautious on and feel better about all of those as we sit here kind of 90 days later.

Operator: Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I’d like to hand the floor back over to Bruce McClelland for any closing remarks.

Bruce McClelland: Well, great. Thanks for everyone joining us today. Just to reiterate, I guess, the key messages here. We — as we just summarize, I think we feel like we have good visibility going into the rest of the year, starting with improvements here in the second quarter and look forward to keeping everyone updated. We have a whole slate of investor conferences over the next couple of months and look forward to keeping you updated with our progress. Thank you.

Operator: This concludes today’s conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you again for your participation.

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