Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Navient Second Quarter 2020 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions]. After the speakers' presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions]. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to your host, Mr. Joe Fisher. Mr. Fisher, the floor is yours.

Joe Fisher - Investor Relations

Thank you, Silvia. Good morning, and welcome to Navient's 2020 second quarter earnings call. With me today are Jack Remondi, our CEO; and Ted Morris, our Controller and acting CFO. After their prepared remarks, we will open up the call for questions.

Before we begin, keep in mind, our discussion will contain predictions, expectations and forward-looking statements. Actual results in the future may be materially different from those discussed here. This could be due to a variety of factors. Listeners should refer to the discussion of those factors on the Company's Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.

For Navient, these factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties associated with the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic impact. The work from home policies and travel restrictions that have been put in place did not negatively affect our ability to close our books and maintain our financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures.

During this conference call, we will refer to non-GAAP measures we call our core earnings. A description of core earnings, a full reconciliation to GAAP measures, and our GAAP results can be found in the second quarter 2020 supplemental earnings disclosure. This is posted on the Investors page at navient.com.

Thank you. And now I'll turn the call over to Jack.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Joe, and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today and for your interest in Navient. Before I start, I would like to welcome Ted Morris to today's earnings call. Ted has been with Navient since 2003 where he has been an outstanding member of our finance team.

As Joe said, in addition to his role as acting CFO, he is also our Controller and he is our resident [Phonetic] expert in two of my favorite accounting policies: Derivative accounting and CECL. While we were sorry to see Chris move on, and I wish him well, I have tremendous confidence in Ted and the rest of the finance team. So, welcome Ted.

The COVID-19 crisis continues to present ongoing new challenges. Our customers and clients have seen disruptions in their lives, work and financial health. And while it continues to produce significant uncertainty as to what comes next, we have responded. We have provided relief to millions of borrowers and need through forbearances and other payment relief options. We have worked together with many state attorneys general and consumer protection agencies to provide a uniform set of Private Education Loan relief nationwide, and we are assisting states to meet the surge in demand for services such as unemployment claims and contract pricing.

I'm extremely proud of how our team immediately and actively responded to the crisis in the needs of those we serve. In response to the uncertain environment, we took decisive action. We increased our reserves and our ability to absorb credit losses, reduced marketing campaigns for new loans and increased our liquidity on hand in our retained capital.

In an effort to keep our teammates safe, we continue to allow those who can, about 90% of our team, to work from home. Our infrastructure and technology allowed this move to happen quickly, and has allowed our team to work safely, productively and efficiently with no disruption to service quality. These steps, our strategy, the skills and dedication of our team and the strength and diversity and client focus of our business delivered outstanding results this quarter.

For the quarter, adjusted core earnings per share rose 23% over the year ago period to $0.91. The year ago quarter included $0.15 and gains from loan sales and debt repurchases. There were no similar gains this quarter. Our results this quarter were driven by our proactive strategy, strong credit performance, a very favorable interest rate environment, operational flexibility to meet new and significant demand for business processing services and a continued focus on improving our operating efficiency.

Later, Ted will provide more details on our financial results, but first let me add some color to the - on the highlights of the quarter. Net interest income increased nearly $33 million over the year ago quarter, primarily due to the favorable rate environment and a $10 million increase from our refi loan portfolio. Low short-term interest rates increased floor Income, particularly on the portion of the portfolio that resets each July 1st.

With the rate we set earlier this month, the $30 million of floor income earned on annual reset loans will not repeat next quarter. Credit performance was strong due in part to the relief provided by disaster forbearances, granted in response to COVID. The balance of loans and repayments on meaningful decreases and delinquencies, with the 90-day delinquency rate falling 38% to 1% at June 30th.

We are just beginning to see borrowers exit from disaster forbearances granted earlier this year. We have implemented an extensive data driven outreach program to inform and insist customers before they return to repayment. Since the peak levels of forbearance in our private loan portfolio, $1.7 billion has successfully exited forbearance, where the borrower has not requested additional payment relief options that are available to them.

While credit performance has been strong to date, we are prepared for this to change. Our provision for loan losses and result in reserves are able to absorb a very significant level of losses. For example, at June 30th, our loan loss reserve would cover new cumulative defaults of over 18% in our FFELP portfolio and over 12% in our legacy private loan portfolio, levels significantly above what we have experienced in recent years.

As I reported last quarter, in response to the uncertain economic environment, we reduced marketing spend for our refi loan products. As a result, new originations in the quarter fell to $238 million from $1.9 billion in the first quarter. With improved visibility in both credit and funding costs, we have restarted marketing efforts and expect to originate approximately $2 billion in high quality, high value refi loans in the second half of 2020 consistent with our return hurdles.

We have also continued to prepare for the upcoming academic year with our in-school lending product. While overall demand is likely to fall from last year due to the lower enrollment levels and fewer students on campus, early results are positive and we are confident that our product design and features will lead to an attractive and valuable business with targeted ROEs in the high teens.

In our BPS segment, most clients experienced significant reductions in transaction volume due to the crisis. For example, there were fewer vehicles parking or using toll roads, and patient visits fell at hospitals due to COVID concerns. Our BPS team was able to use our operational flexibility and processing expertise to win a number of incremental contracts to help our clients respond to new needs including COVID contact tracing and unemployment processing services.

Importantly, we were able to demonstrate our ability to adapt and provide experienced people and technical capabilities on close to a real-time basis. Our rapid response led to nearly $20 million in new revenue in the quarter. The feedback from these clients and their customers has been extremely satisfying. One of our ongoing top priorities has been expense management, and the current crisis has not reduced our efforts here. While we have consistently operated at industry-leading efficiency, we are continuously improving in this area, while still delivering outstanding service.

As a result of these efforts, total operating expenses this quarter fell 11% from the year ago quarter to $215 million. And we continue to examine every expense item to eliminate waste, reduce cost and improve efficiency while delivering excellent service to our customers and clients. Finally, we returned $31 million to shareholders in dividends, and made meaningful progress in improving our tangible capital ratio from the decline caused by last quarter's adoption of CECL.

Our adjusted tangible equity ratio improved to 3.6% at June 30th, up from 3.2% at March 31st. Adding back the cumulative and temporary mark-to-market losses on derivatives that we employed to hedge floor income would increase risk [Phonetic] ratio to 6% at June 30th. Expected earnings easily support our dividend, and will provide the ability to complete the balance of our planned capital return in 2020. During our last earnings call, I reported that our Company was entering this crisis from a position of substantial financial and operational strength.

Our results this quarter are the product of these strengths. Our business model and technology infrastructure allowed us to react quickly to the needs of our customers and clients, enabled our teammates to be safer as they work from home, and delivered growth in net interest income, strong credit performance and an ability to pivot our operations to areas of critical need.

Notably, these results were accomplished with lower expenses. Combined, they delivered the core earnings of $0.91 and a 27% return on equity. At this time, we are more confident of the outlook for the balance of the year, and assuming interest rates and basis spreads remain at similar levels and that credit performance remains consistent with the early results we are seeing, we expect to report full year earnings between $2.95 a share and $3 a share in 2020.

This forecast is extremely gratifying and confirms the value of our franchise, our strategic plan, and our ability to build value for all of our stakeholders. Finally, it's the product of the hard work and dedication of an extraordinary team. I appreciate your interest, and I look forward to your questions after Ted provides more details on the quarter. Thank you. Ted?

Ted A. Morris - Controller and Acting Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Jack, and thank you to everyone on today's call for your interest in Navient. During my prepared remarks, I will review the second quarter results for 2020, and provide additional color on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on our business. I will be referencing the earnings call presentation, which can be found on the Company's website in the Investors section.

Starting on Slide 5, key highlights from the quarter include: Delivered GAAP EPS of $0.64 and adjusted core EPS of $0.91; provided immediate payment relief to over 6 million borrowers impacted by COVID-19; reduced operating expenses by 11%; originated $238 million of private refinance loans; improved on our strong liquidity position; and increased our adjusted tangible equity ratio to 3.6% or 6% after excluding the cumulative negative mark-to-market losses related to derivative accounting.

Let's move to segment reporting beginning with the Federal Education Loans on Slide 6. On both our FFELP and private portfolio, we continue to grant disaster-related forbearance to those in need. As we provide payment relief to those impacted by COVID-19, forbearance rates on our FFELP loan portfolio increased to 26.6% at June 30th, which is down from the peak of 28.5%, and our delinquency rate decreased 22% to 8.2%. Today, we are seeing forbearances that are 300 basis points lower than quarter end as borrowers begin to transition back to paying statuses.

While the portfolio continues to amortize, the net interest margin improved 26 basis points for the second quarter, which led to the overall net interest income increasing 18% to $171 million in the quarter. The increase from the year ago quarter was largely driven by the continued drop in interest rates that began in Q1 and accelerated in the Q2.

This favorable interest rate environment resulted in a significant increase in unhedged floor income. In the quarter, unhedged floor income contributed 41 basis points to the segment's net interest margin, a little less than half of which was earned on $6 billion of loans with rates that reset annually on July 1st of each year. Given the current interest rate environment, we do not anticipate earning additional floor income on the annual reset portion of our unhedged floor portfolio through the end of 2021.

The current outlook for interest rates should continue to positively impact net interest margin for our FFELP portfolio. And as a result, we are raising our full year net interest margin expectations to be in the low to mid 90 basis point range. In addition, operating expenses declined 21% year-over-year.

Now let's turn to Slide 7 and our Consumer Lending Segment. In the quarter, we saw our forbearance rate peak at 14.7% and declined 8.4% at quarter end. Recently, we have seen forbearance continue to fall an additional 100 basis points as this portfolio begins to transition to repayment statuses. Trajectory [Phonetic] of the forbearance usage that Jack mentioned can be seen on the following page as borrowers that have successfully exited forbearance have not requested the additional payment relief options available.

Our delinquency rate declined 60% to 2% and charge-offs fell by 45% to $48 million. As borrowers transition out of forbearance, we expect both charge-offs and delinquencies to increase from these historic lows with the increase in charge-offs not beginning until 2021. In the quarter, our provision expense was $41 million, which resulted in the allowance as a percentage of loans and repayment of 8.2%, up from 7.8% in the prior quarter. Absent a significant deterioration in the economic environment from here, we feel confident that we are adequately reserved giving the well seasoned and high credit quality of our portfolio.

Net interest income increased $2 million year-over-year and was driven by the stability, and our net interest margin combined with an increase in our Private Education Refinance Loan balance offsetting the natural amortization of our legacy portfolio. The net interest margin of 320 basis points was better than expectations due to the decreased volatility in rates for our assets that aren't based on the Prime Rate and are funded with LIBOR.

The dislocation on those rates that occurred in March and April has since returned to more normalized levels. During the quarter, we originated $238 million of high quality education refinance loans. As we have indicated, this decline was intentional as we decreased our marketing activities due to capital market uncertainty stemming from COVID-19.

We also updated the pricing on new originations to reflect the increase in cost of funds in the ABS market. We are now seeing more stable and improving funding costs in the ABS market. And as a result, we plan to increase monthly originations, and expect to originate $2 billion for the second half of the year. In addition, operating expenses remained flat year-over-year, while growing our portfolio.

Let's continue to Slide 9 to review our Business Processing segment. In the second quarter, we saw significantly lower transaction-related placements in both government services and healthcare revenue cycle management compared to the year ago, as a result of slower economic activity due to COVID-19. We have transitioned hundreds of our experienced BPS colleagues to support state clients who are working to help with the increase in unemployed residents who are accessing needed benefits and to provide contact tracing services. These new opportunities contributed to a 12% increase in total revenue from the first quarter.

Now let's turn to Slide 10 which highlights our financing activity. During the second quarter, we issued $1.3 billion of term private education refi ABS, backed by high quality loans as markets began to recover. Two days ago, we priced an additional $780 million of term private education refi ABS. Strong investor demand resulted in spreads that overall were 50 basis points tighter than similar transactions in the second quarter. In addition, we extended a FFELP warehouse facility to 2022, extended a private education facility to 2021, and expanded total capacity in our Private Education Refinance Loan facility.

At quarter end, we had additional capacity in our funding facilities of $2 billion for private education loans and $242 million for FFELP loans. In addition, we had $2.4 billion of primary liquidity, of which $1.6 billion is cash. As a result, we ended the quarter in a very strong liquidity position. We ended the quarter with an adjusted tangible equity ratio of 3.6%. The cumulative negative mark-to-market losses related to derivative accounting reduced shareholders' equity as of June 30th by $692 million, and is primarily related to one-sided mark-to-market losses on derivatives hedging floors.

Importantly, as we have discussed in the past, these negative marks will reverse to zero as the hedge contracts mature over the next several years. Excluding these temporary mark-to-market losses, our adjusted tangible equity ratio is 6%. Let's turn to GAAP results on Slide 11. We recorded second quarter GAAP net income of $125 million or $0.64 per share compared to net income of $153 million or $0.64 per share in the second quarter of 2019. Assuming interest rates and basis spreads remain at similar levels and that credit performance remains consistent with the early results we are seeing, we feel confident that we can achieve both the guidance provided today for the remainder of the year, including the cash flow generated by our high quality and well-seasoned education loan portfolio.

In summary, the strong results this quarter highlight the strength and resiliency of our workforce and commitment to quickly provide timely solutions for our customers' and clients' needs in these unprecedented times.

I will now open up the call for questions.

Question & Answers

Operator

[Operator Instructions]. Your first question comes from the line of Vincent Caintic from Stephens.

Vincent Caintic - Stephens Inc. - Analyst

Hey, thanks. Good morning guys, and a great result this quarter. First, I wanted to ask about forbearance and how that - how we should think about that affecting the interest income in the near-term? And then also some of the investor questions I get is about, a worry about the funding mismatch between the lack of cash flows on the prepared loans versus your securitizations. Maybe if you could talk about that in more detail on how the cash flows work. Thank you.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So, we offered immediately in response to the COVID crisis, we allowed our borrowers to defer payments through what we call a disaster forbearance program. And we applied that - those options to both our FFELP and our private loan portfolios. As Ted shared, we saw - and as one of the slides in the investor deck shows, we saw a significant increase in demand, and is now starting to recede as economic outlooks for many people are starting to become a little bit more clear.

We are just - you know, when someone exits the forbearance, they are required to make a payment, their first payment due is 30 days later. So we're just starting to see those payment due dates come in, and we are very pleased by what we're seeing so far. The - an overwhelming majority somewhere around 80% or more are actually successfully making their payment.

But it is still relatively early and the sample size is small. We'll see more of those borrowers scheduled to make that payment due date starting in the second half of this month and into August. From a net interest income perspective, a loan in a forbearance for both our FFELP and private loan portfolio, it doesn't change the interest accruals. So we continue to accrue interest on those loans and have no impact on interest income as reported.

From a cash flow perspective, certainly if a borrower is not making payments, there is a reduction in cash flow, although our securitization trust on both the FFELP and the private side of the equation have more than sufficient cash flow to cover all payments in terms of interest accruals on the bonds, servicing costs, and they are still cash flowing back to the Company, meaning that there is more than enough excess cash coming into the trust, so that we continue to be able to sweep a component portion out of that.

And I think the liquidity build that Ted mentioned is an example of that, right. We were able to build liquidity during this process despite the significant increase in forbearance used.

Vincent Caintic - Stephens Inc. - Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you. And then just another follow up on the floor income. So that was a nice jump this quarter. So when we think about the rest of the year, is it simply keeping the 20 basis point benefit, taking out the other 20 basis point benefit from the reset loans, and then just continuing that for the rest of the year? Just kind of wondering if - how we should think about that and maybe any help on the sensitivities to benchmark rates? Thank you.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Yeah. And I think you're right. I mean, overall related to the annual reset floor component that was $30 million of income for the quarter that goes away third quarter. So, it's as simple as that. As far as the fixed floors unhedged, they were earning about $30 million in the quarter as well. So we would expect that to continue. Obviously, there is a natural decline of the balance, but that's not very significant when you go from third to fourth quarter.

Where rates are today as far as one month LIBOR of being around 20 basis points, that's expected to be relatively consistent. Not just this year, but for the next several years, if you look at the forward curve. So I think that's a fair way to look at it as far as the floor component there, as far as the $30 million comes out beginning in the third quarter.

Vincent Caintic - Stephens Inc. - Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you very much.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Sanjay Sakhrani from KBW.

Sanjay Sakhrani - KBW - Analyst

Thanks. Good morning, good results. Ted, maybe just a follow-up on that last comment you made. Just to be clear, so if rates - if the rate environment doesn't change materially, we should expect the FFELP NIM to sort of stay here in the mid 90s? Just want to be clear with that. And then, maybe if you could just talk about the Consumer Lending segment margin expected to decline some for the rest of the year, maybe you could explain on what's driving that? Thanks.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure, absolutely. So to your point on Page 4 where we give updated guidance, we expect the FFELP NIM to be in the low to mid 90s for the year. When you see that NIM is at 105 basis points for the second quarter, when you move to third quarter, you lose that $30 million worth of annual reset floor. Partially offsetting that, you do pick up some additional benefit related to - if you remember in the first quarter when rates started moving, on the FFELP side, it's a daily one-month LIBOR reset, it's funded by a one month LIBOR that resets monthly.

So, the margin was compressed in the first quarter, we got a little bit of that back in the second quarter. We get the rest of that back in the third quarter. So that's what's partially offsetting the decline in the floor income there when you go from second quarter to third quarter when you try to do the math there as far as year-to-date 94 basis points, and staying in the 90s there.

On the private side, as far as what you're seeing there as far as the kind of sequential decline in the NIM for the four quarters, again the opposite occurred first quarter this year. On the private side, there was a benefit as far as the prime assets did not reset in the first quarter, but the LIBOR funding came down. That was a pretty significant benefit in the first quarter. You give some of that back in the second quarter and you give the rest of it back in the third quarter. Also contributing to the decline sequentially across the four quarters obviously is just the natural growth in the refi portfolio, although that's a great risk adjusted return, it has a lower NIM because losses are obviously much lower.

So that becomes a larger percentage of the portfolio that just naturally decreases the overall NIM. And then some other items going on there in the second quarter when we had moved - loans moved to forbearance, some of those loans moved out of the modification program, and some of those loans that were delinquent went into forbearance and resulted in some release on our 90-day reserves. Just like most financial institutions, we have a policy of reserving 90-day interest.

So as we move to third and fourth quarter, as loans come out of forbearance, there is going to be some build on the 90-day reserve. And we'll also have some loans going back into the modification program. So those are the elements that kind of bring your NIM down across all four quarters there.

Sanjay Sakhrani - KBW - Analyst

Okay, perfect. And then, Jack, you know, couple of your competitors have decided to move away from the private loan market. I'm just curious how you think that positions Navient? I assume that it helps, but maybe you could just walk us through how you're positioning for that?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, so one of the reasons - there are several reasons why we like our abilities and prospects to enter the in-school origination market. Certainly the asset returns that we think we can generate in this area are particularly attractive in the high teens. We also believe that we've got very tremendous insight in terms of credit modeling and predictions in terms of losses that can help us in that side of the equation. And we know from our servicing operations, and this has been true when we pick up private loan portfolios for servicing, we're able to materially reduce the loss rates on that portfolio by working with customers to find payment plans they can afford.

But to your point, we do see people leaving the space. I think this is a - this can be a difficult product on a bank balance sheet because of the CECL, the combination of the CECL capital tax and the equity that is required, the capital that's required to be maintained on the portfolio. And so, I do believe you will see fewer banks in this space and that creates opportunity for us overall.

But that's an upside potential from our original estimates.

Sanjay Sakhrani - KBW - Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Mark DeVries from Barclays.

Mark DeVries - Barclays Capital - Analyst

Can you talk about the decision to exit the Department of Ed servicing contract, and kind of the timing for those accounts to move off your platform? And also in the past, you've mentioned it's about a breakeven contract. So how should we think about the cost supporting that business? How much is variable versus fixed, and how much of that fixed can be taken out?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So we've been a - obviously we have a long, long history of servicing federal student loans. And we believe our insight, our data driven strategies and the processes that we've been able to bring to this make us not only a very efficient player, but a very effective player in this space. We've talked historically about our significantly lower default rates on federal student loans that we service being approximately 35% lower than everybody else.

And we were interested in providing, continuing to provide services to the department in this important loan program, but they had to be not only under terms and conditions that were reasonable, but they also had to be terms and conditions where we could be successful. Unfortunately, the offer letter we received from the department did not allow for that. It transferred too much risk to the servicer, and that rates in terms that we believe are effectively below cost for everybody.

So it was a hard decision, but - or disappointing, I guess, I should say, decision, but it was not a hard decision to turn that down. The contract itself kicks in once the department begins to move loans off of the servicing software platforms that exist today to what's called the new next generation EPS award. That contract award was just canceled by the department, and is going to be re-issued. So the timing of that is unclear. They cannot move servicing operations, call center, back office operations to another entity until that system issue is determined and the loans are actually transferred there.

As to the timing, I'd be guessing, but I mean it seems unlikely that we would see those loans move in the next 18 months to 24 months.

Mark DeVries - Barclays Capital - Analyst

Okay. Got it. And then just on the expenses, how much of your expenses on the business are variable versus fixed?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. One of the big decisions we made almost a year and a half ago now was to sell our platform, which was effectively a set of fixed cost infrastructure for us, and convert that to a variable rate structure.

So the vast majority of our expenses associated with loan servicing are now variable. We certainly have some components of fixed costs in terms of facilities, some management overhead and things like that, but this is something we think we can easily manage as that - as those accounts - if and when those accounts are transferred off of our platforms.

Mark DeVries - Barclays Capital - Analyst

Okay. That's helpful. And then Jack, we missed to hear your updated thoughts on just kind of an appetite to repurchase your stock here?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So obviously our stock price - well, we'll see what it looks like later today. But obviously our stock price has been trading well below what we - where we think it's worth. When we started this year back in January, we were expecting earnings of approximately $3 a share, and had a stock price in the low teens.

We today have a earnings forecast of $3 per share, despite the massive disruption that has been caused by COVID, and there has been a number of puts and takes. I mean, we've - we talked about a lot of the benefits today of the rate environment and the $30 million of additional floor income, but there were also some significant negatives here as some of the processing work we do for entities like federal agencies, state and local governments, transportation entities, etc, reduced revenue - fee revenue by more than that. So we look at the overall - when we look at that environment, we think it shows the resiliency of the Company, and would certainly expect to see that the $3 of earnings forecast that we have today to support a return to that stock price of the low to mid teens.

Mark DeVries - Barclays Capital - Analyst

Okay. Thanks.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Rick Shane with JP Morgan.

Richard Shane - J.P. Morgan - Analyst

Hey guys, thanks for taking my questions this morning. And also, I appreciate the effort to provide guidance, that's a little bit more rare today, and I think it's very helpful to investors. I am curious when we think about sort of the three categories of loans. Loans that are currently - that are current loans that are in forbearance and loans that are delinquent. How you think about the different reserve rates? And if you wouldn't mind, if you can relate that to how you expect the reserves to migrate as the loans come off forbearance in your experience, and 80% payment rate on the loans that are rolling off forbearance?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So, under CECL, we are required to estimate the remaining life of loan - remaining losses that we would incur on the portfolio over the life of the loans. We do - we have 40 years of data and experience here. This crisis is obviously a little bit different. But we're able to use that experience to understand how borrowers who have experienced stress expect to - what we can expect to see in terms of recovery or alternative of repayment programs that we can apply to help them manage through their process.

Our models that we have employed for CECL take into consideration unemployment rates, growth in the economy or contraction in the economy, the economic output. And through that process, we're able to forecast what we expect to be life of loan losses. Clearly, we've made - I think, well it's not - maybe not clearly, we have made a conservative set of assumptions as to what we think losses will be for borrowers who are exiting COVID-related forbearances as well as [Phonetic] the rest of the portfolio.

We are heartened by a few things. Our portfolio is highly seasoned. So on the legacy side of the equations, so these are borrowers who have been in repayment for a number of years, have been through other forms of financial stress, the most recent being the financial crisis. And so we can see what kinds of resiliency and expectations we can get out of that, what those customers are able to bear and continue to make payments.

We look at where our borrowers are - where we think our borrowers are employed, and we don't see a huge amount of borrowers in segments of the economy that have been more negatively impacted, maybe the exception being the medical field where a lot of offices like non-COVID related medical practices were either close, particularly dentists' office that are now starting to reopen. But we expect those customers to perform very well.

And as I said, the way we look at this today, is we look - if we look backwards and look at where losses have been, what types of loss rates we've seen in our private loan portfolio during periods of economic stress apply some of those to the current period. We're looking - we think we are in an excellent position to be able to absorb those losses. And as I said, we are able to absorb significant losses in that area.

If you - the ending reserves at June 30th would cover 12% cumulative losses on the legacy portfolio. That's a - I think that's a pretty extraordinary rate, and coverage ratio, particularly when you look at other consumer loan portfolios in the marketplace.

Richard Shane - J.P. Morgan - Analyst

Jack, that's really helpful. And it's interesting because I think in some ways you described more of a top-down modeling exercise than a bottoms-up modeling exercise for CECL, and we're assuming that it's probably a combination of both with a quarter of the portfolio on forbearance. If you can help us understand it a little bit better from a bottoms-up perspective, how you look at those loans in terms of the reserve rates that would be really helpful?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So we are building, the model is built by loan statuses, so it is a bottoms up build. But the percentage of portfolio, that's a FFELP statistic. On the private side of the equation, our forbearance rates are more at the 7% to 8% range. And what we are looking at in those periods, and particularly, what we saw for example in some of our customers who are in the dentist world, borrowers look for payment relief, while their practices were shut. But as their practices reopened, those customers are able to reestablish themselves and continue to make payments on their loans.

So we feel like we're in - if you look at the performance of the portfolio, if you look at the - how delinquency rates fell, you look at the portion of the dollar balance of loans that are up to date, meaning zero days past due, not even one day delinquent, those numbers are very strong and continue to improve each day.

Ted A. Morris - Controller and Acting Chief Financial Officer

And I guess, I would say, just a follow-up on what Jack said. We use Moody's Analytics for our modeling here which is obviously a well-known model that's used by many other financial institutions. And like other companies we do a weighting of a baseline worst case, best case, our weighting right now, puts the allowance between baseline and worst case. And just like Jack said, it is a bottoms-up approach. So loan status is one of the attributes that's highly correlated to economic attributes such as unemployment and GDP.

So for those loans that are in forbearance, there is a specific expectation based on unemployment and GDP, how they would perform based on the performance, the previous 40 years of experience we have.

Richard Shane - J.P. Morgan - Analyst

Got it. Okay, that's very helpful guys. Thank you both.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Lee Cooperman from Omega Family.

Leon Cooperman - Omega Advisors - Analyst

Good morning, congratulations on a good quarter. Let me ask you - I don't really much care about any one year's earnings. I care about earning power. When you guys look at your business, what do you view as your recurring normalized earnings?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So we think - you know, as I said Lee, there are a lot of puts and takes this quarter and I think we - we spent our prepared remarks talking about some of the highlights in terms of floor income helping credit performance, helping the overall numbers. But we look at our fee - other fee income and the COVID-related business processing service contracts that we won this quarter, but we also had revenue reductions as - as I mentioned transactional activity that we process for parking, tolls, hospitals. We had a number of federal agencies we do work for that asked us to pause on our contingency, our asset recovery businesses.

Leon Cooperman - Omega Advisors - Analyst

Jack, I understand all that. The basis of the question is because of all those puts and takes, when you look at everything, you have much more knowledge than we have, what do you think your normal recurring earnings are? You know, in 2016, you're in $1.83, then $1.90, $1.95, $2.44, $2.95, $3 this year. This may be a little bit inflated this year. What do you think you normally - I'm heading to a different series of questions. But what do you think your normalized earnings are? You think you're solid $2.40, $2.50 earner in a typical year or less than that?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

I think this is - I mean, I think our earnings this year reflect the kind of what our earnings power is for sure, because of the puts and takes [Speech Overlap] [Technical Issues].

Leon Cooperman - Omega Advisors - Analyst

So we're a $3 earner?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, but you have to take into consideration, Lee, that the vast majority of our earnings come from our legacy portfolio which is amortizing about 10% a year. So you have to bake that into the process as well.

Leon Cooperman - Omega Advisors - Analyst

Well, I'm assuming myself that you're a solid $2.50 type earner. I'm heading to a different direction. What is the status of your buybacks? The question was asked, but you didn't really answer it. What is the un-utilized authorization, and what is your intentions regarding it?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So early - at the beginning of this year, we estimated that we would acquire about $400 million or allocate about $400 million to share repurchases. We have about $65 million remaining under that plan. We paused it in the second quarter. We did no share repurchases in the second quarter as we wanted to see how the economic environment would shake out as our customers exit disaster forbearances and we are able to confirm the performance that we expect to see in that portfolio. As I said in my comments, we would expect to complete our planned capital distributions or return to shareholders through the balance of this year, or sometime in the second half.

Leon Cooperman - Omega Advisors - Analyst

Let me just cast my vote, which is not going to surprise you. You said you didn't know where your stock was trading, it's $8.28 a bid, $8.30 offered last I checked. That's a 7.7% yield at $8.30. If you can recurrently earn over 20% in your book, you worth more than book value. Your book value, I think, is $10.90. So we are very mispriced. And, I would say you should find a way of being - and I understand about the virus, the uncertainty, but you should find a way of being more aggressive.

Five years ago, when I questioned you on stock repurchase, you were buying it in the low 20s, which you thought was - the run-off value was 30 or better. Well, clearly that was a wrong view, but to not be in the market currently, when your stock is cheaper as it's ever been, you can retire 7.70% yield, which is very accretive to the remaining distribution, and buy back at a discount to book when the business is worth more than book based upon your returns on book, I think is making a serious mistake.

So I would just put my vote into that, that I would reactivate in a more aggressive fashion. Even if you sold off some assets that best in there fully worth to buy something is selling at half of what it's worth, it's a worthwhile trade. That's all I got to say, but congratulations on the quarter.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Hammond from Bank of America High Yield [Phonetic].

Mark Hammond - Bank of America High Yield - Analyst

Thank you. Hi, Jack and Joe. So on Slide 14, the cash flow for the next five years, and I compared that slide and then the actual year-to-date cash flow that the Company has produced, and then that same slide from the 4Q '19 earnings deck, and I see basically virtually no change in cash flow expectations from that, is that right? And then if it is, how you rationalize that virtually no change with the increased use of forbearance?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So forbearance is a temporary delay in cash flow. It's not a permanent delay in cash flows. And there are many puts and takes. So we have higher margins, higher net interest margins that we're incurring, more floor income that will accrue into the portfolio. Minuses would be pushing some cash flows back out over time. But this is - these numbers are recalculated each quarter and re-estimated based on the portfolio characteristics and our expectations during - for the next, in this case five years of payment flow. So they do reflect our best estimates of what we would expect to happen here, including all of those factors, forbearance, floor income, cost of funds, etc.

Mark Hammond - Bank of America High Yield - Analyst

Got it, Jack. Yeah, that's - great, if there is no change for credit investors. On the unsecured credit rating, both Moody's and Fitch are low BB with negative outlooks. Would you be able to give me a sense for importance of BB rating from Moody's and Fitch and where that ranks on capital allocation or just priorities overall for Navient?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So I mean we obviously have a view that we are a stronger balance sheet than our ratings imply, and I think our performance in managing our unsecured debt balances and the consistency through really some challenging environments over the last ten years, to be able to continue to pay those down, I think really reflected the strength of the balance sheet that we have and the predictability of the cash flows.

Your comment earlier about, it's great to see that despite COVID, we're not seeing any material changes in expected cash flows, that's because our portfolio has a very predictable performance level and cash flow expectations because of the mix of between federal and private and seasoning that exists there. So, yeah, we run our balance sheet, we run our business to make sure that we're able to create value for all stakeholders, and that means that we have the ability to both issue in the unsecured market place and be able to confidently service that unsecured debt in all types of economic environment.

I think our performance [Technical Issues] reflects that.

Mark Hammond - Bank of America High Yield - Analyst

Got it. And the last one from me. Regarding your allowance for losses in the consumer loans segment, can you give a sense for what the charge-off rate for the next year for 2021 is that's built into that CECL assumption as of the end of the second quarter?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So CECL - under the CECL process, we do make estimates on both annual and life of our periodic as well as life of loan loss expectations, but there's much more volatility on the - where that loss might occur. And at this point in time, we have not - we're not prepared to provide guidance for 2021 in terms of what loss expectations are, although we would say, at 12%, the ability to absorb 12% cumulative losses on our legacy portfolio is extremely high and probably unmatched in the consumer lending space.

Mark Hammond - Bank of America High Yield - Analyst

All right. Great. Thanks, Jack and Joe. That's very great.

Operator

[Operator Instructions]. Your next question comes from the line of John Hecht from Jefferies.

John Hecht - Jefferies LLC - Analyst

Good morning, guys. Congratulations on a good quarter, and then thanks for all the details here. Most of my questions have been asked and answered. I'm curious though in the business in the BPS segment, you guys - you quickly adapted you're doing some - you're getting some revenue from tracing services. I understand we might think that that could be a temporary thing given the circumstances. But I guess what I'm interested in is what - you know what capabilities do you have that enable you to quickly ramp that up, and how might those resources and capabilities be used over the long term?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, I think that's a great question. Obviously, COVID created new needs for many of our clients. The first item that really showed up was a need to help them process unemployment insurance claims. We were able to step in and help very, very quickly there. And in some instances, we were up and running with call centers and assistance within three or four days of being requested to do so.

And what our capabilities are really is the ability to take inbound - take inbound calls, make outbound calls, use our systems and analytics to be able to kind of predict volume flows, triage accounts and segment them into ways that they can be resolved quickly through the process. I think what we are hopeful here is that as we've demonstrated these skills, demonstrated the operational skills, demonstrated the value of our analytics and capabilities that we will win some longer-term arrangements with some of these clients.

Obviously, we would hope that unemployment insurance processing demand would come down dramatically. We would hope that COVID contact tracing would no longer be required. But that we can apply those same skills to other lines of businesses. Remember, at the same time that these businesses were ramping up, we had others that were declining rapidly in the BPS space. Our work for our hospitals, for example, is a function of revenue - of patient visits and transactions. When COVID struck, demand for these types of services that were not COVID related declined dramatically.

Many hospitals saw 30%, 40%, even 50% declines in their revenue as a result of that. We don't do parking processing. We're not doing toll processing for people who aren't driving. And then some of our federal contracts also asked us to pause, basically not do any work, that is now just starting to be turned back on, and so we're expecting that those revenues from the original businesses, plus the continued revenue from these COVID-related businesses will produce higher fee income in the third quarter.

John Hecht - Jefferies LLC - Analyst

Okay. That's very helpful color. Appreciate that. Second question is, do you - I mean, do you guys have details or I guess insight with respect to the kind of the fall - the fall status of people going back to college, and does that even matter for refinancing volume? And I guess, does the development of COVID affect any of your outlook for the ability to produce loan volume?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So two different types of businesses. In the refi side of the equation, we are working with borrowers who have already graduated, have a demonstrated track record in their career, multiple years of repayment performance that we're able to evaluate. And then because of that, strong credit performance, high levels of free cash flow on their portfolio, and stickiness or consistency of their employment history, we're able to offer them lower rates. And so we - that business, we don't expect to be driven - impacted by what's going on in terms of school openings or not.

And certainly the low rate environment makes that business more attractive for some customers right now. On the in-school side of the equation, there is no question that we would expect overall demand for financing to be impacted by enrollment levels. We expect enrollment levels to be down for this upcoming academic year, and for students who are in-school, but not on campus obviously living expenses, room and board expenses are - will be reduced as well. But we're just starting in this space. And so, we're capturing a relatively small segment of what we expect to be freshmen or first time borrowers in the private student loan arena.

And we have very modest expectations. And based on application flows that we're seeing at this point in time in July, we are confident that we will hit or exceed our modest expectations for this year.

John Hecht - Jefferies LLC - Analyst

Okay. Thank you. And then final question from me is, we're getting deeper into an election cycle. Is there anything from either side noted on a policy perspective that we should be monitoring at this point or is it too early to have any kind of perspective on that?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

I think the biggest challenge in the student loan space has been policies that are more one-size-fits-all. And what we see in our portfolios and see from our experience is that while some borrowers have too much debt and do struggle, others got the value of their investment in their - in higher education, and are easily able to manage that.

You can just look at the FFELP portfolio that we have, and see that the balance of customers who were able to continue to make payments without interruption during COVID or what we saw in the private side. So solutions that treat all customers the same is probably - probably not the best solution particularly when one considers the costs. So I think there's a lot of high level concepts that are thrown out in terms of proposals here and relief options. And then the sticker price associated with those tend to be extremely large and harder to kind of execute on.

So we'll see what happens. But I think right now, there is a lot of talk, a lot of ideas flowing back and forth, and oftentimes, we see things that are significantly different in implementation down the road when the realities of costs come into the equation.

John Hecht - Jefferies LLC - Analyst

Yeah, okay. I appreciate the perspective. Thanks very much.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Moshe Orenbuch from Credit Suisse.

Moshe Orenbuch - Credit Suisse - Analyst

Great, thanks. Couple of things. I guess first just on expenses, I mean, expenses were really good this quarter. Anything in there that would have driven that one-time direction either higher or lower and that we should be aware of?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, certainly in some areas where we were not doing work on like asset recovery sides of the equation, we would definitely have seen a decrease in that space. But if you look at where our operating - operating expenses overall, we were down really across the board. We saw lower expenses in our technology team, in servicing, in BPS, asset recovery, and even in our corporate overhead functions. The only area that was really flat was consumer lending, as we continued to kind of build out our origination capabilities for in-school volume.

And this is really a function, Moshe, just - there is definitely some revenue related items that cause expenses to decline, but we are examining all of our expenses, as I said. We're looking - we continuously look for opportunities to improve our operating efficiencies through technology, automation, AI, anything that can help us drive better efficiency ratios, but at the same time, maintain the service levels that we seek to deliver here. So this is - this quarter's results, I think are a good example of a combination of activities, but operating efficiency is a contributor here.

Moshe Orenbuch - Credit Suisse - Analyst

And obviously you get some revenue rebound, but how much should we expect from things like the recovery business and the refi business kind of stepping back up in the second half, like how much, you know, all other things equal, would that add?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So, like refi, suspending marketing spend doesn't really hurt or hit our operating expense line item, because most of those dollars end up getting capitalized as under accounting rules to the originated loan. So that expense gets spread effectively through net interest income over time. But on the BPS side of the equation, there is no question, if we're not doing - one of our businesses, for example, as we manage, asset recovery for federal guarantee agencies, and we do that work both internally and we farm it out to different entities.

Under accounting rules, if we do that, the expenses associated with those third parties are recognized on our books, right, and then the revenue is grossed up to match it. That obviously didn't happen this quarter as an example. But overall, you would definitely see - we continue to expect that our operating expense numbers will be at kind of similar levels for the balance of this year [Speech Overlap] this quarter.

Moshe Orenbuch - Credit Suisse - Analyst

Okay. Just kind of [Speech Overlap] thanks. Thanks, Jack. And just to kind of talk a little bit about the refi business and capital implications. You've been rebuilding the capital ratio post the CECL and the derivatives charge, and you've got at least one of the rating agencies who pretty much has a pretty harsh capital treatment of your refi loans, treats them kind of the same as the amortizing legacy private loans. And I mean, I guess, I'm struck by the fact that the $2 billion that you expect to originate in the second half, I mean if you kind of multiply that by your capital - required capital ratio at least according to S&P, I mean that's 10% of your market cap, I guess. And so, how should we kind of think about that? Because it just feels like there's - kind of echoing what Lee had said earlier, given where the stock is trading, it just feels like there should be a little more kind of looking for money in a bunch of other places, I guess.

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

So we - I mean I hear your point here. And when we look at our capital allocation model, we look at a variety of different opportunities. We think if we can originate loans based on the capital that we are allocating to businesses and generate mid-teen ROEs that that's a - that can be - that's an attractive long-term business versus not being in that space.

We can manage that business and the capital implications through a variety of ways. We did it last year. You saw in the year ago quarter, we monetized the value of that refi portfolio by selling some of those loans and booking a gain. That may not be the best - it may not be the best opportunity to do something like that in today's marketplace. But yeah, we believe that that would be an attractive place for us to look as credit outlook becomes more stable.

So I think there's a combination of things that one can do. But ultimately, I think companies are valued more highly with - they have an ongoing franchise capability where they can continuously create and deliver long-term value. And that's really what we're looking to do and balance that against the amortizing business that is generating or releasing - generating and releasing significant amount of capital that we can return to shareholders.

And that's done through both our dividend and our share repurchase programs.

Moshe Orenbuch - Credit Suisse - Analyst

All right. Thank you.

Operator

Your final question comes from the line of Arren Cyganovich from Citi.

Arren Cyganovich - Citi - Analyst

Thanks. In the earlier answer about production levels, I think you said that in-school would be a modest amount. Did you comment on what your expectations for refi production will be in the second half?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. We said $2 billion.

Arren Cyganovich - Citi - Analyst

Okay, got it. And then I guess, kind of to that last point about what level of equity you need to have or a pro forma adjusted tangible at 6%, is that at the level that you feel comfortable to complete share repurchases? Or do you want to see that rise higher to feel comfortable with sending out more capital?

Jack Remondi - President and Chief Executive Officer

No, no. I think we've said that 6% is based on the mix of the portfolio today is the right number for us.

Arren Cyganovich - Citi - Analyst

Okay. All right. Thank you.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, at this time I will now turn the call back to Mr. Joe Fisher for any closing remarks.

Joe Fisher - Investor Relations

Thank you, Silvia. I'd like to thank everyone for joining us on today's call. Please contact me or my colleague Nathan Rutledge if you have any other follow-up questions. This concludes today's call.

Operator

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Q2 2020

Earnings Transcript

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