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Operator: Welcome to Martin Marietta’s First Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. All participants are now in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the company’s prepared remarks. As a reminder, today’s call is being recorded and will be available for replay on the Company’s website. I will now turn the call over to your host, Ms. Jacklyn Rooker, Martin Marietta’s Director of Investor Relations. Jacklyn, you may begin.

Jacklyn Rooker: Good morning, and thank you for joining Martin Marietta’s first quarter 2024 earnings call. With me today are Howard Nye, Chair and Chief Executive Officer; and Jim Nickolas, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Today’s discussion may include forward-looking statements as defined by United States Securities Laws in connection with future events, future operating results or financial performance. Like other businesses, Martin Marietta is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. We undertake no obligation, except as legally required to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether resulting from new information, future developments, or otherwise.

Please refer to the legal disclaimers contained in today’s earnings release and other public filings, which are available on both our own and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s websites. We have made available during this webcast and on the Investors section of our website, supplemental information that summarizes our financial results and trends. As a reminder, all financial and operating results discussed today are for continuing operations. In addition, non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure in the appendix to the supplemental information as well as our filings with the SEC and are also available on our website. Howard Nye will begin today’s earnings call with a discussion of our first quarter operating performance and our recently completed transactions, as well as market trends.

Jim Nickolas will then review our financial results and capital allocation, after which Howard will provide some brief concluding remarks. A question-and-answer session will follow. Please limit your Q&A participation to one question. I will now turn the call over to Howard.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Jacklyn, and welcome, everyone, and thank you for joining today’s teleconference. Martin Marietta’s continued growth and results demonstrate our industry-leading performance and disciplined adherence to, and execution of, our proven Strategic Operating Analysis and Review or SOAR plan. With the native that as always, the industry’s first quarter concluded and the 2024 construction season meaningfully underway, we remain confident that steady product demand supporting favorable commercial dynamics, continued adherence to our value over volume strategy, ongoing operational excellence undertakings, and portfolio optimizing transactions will position Martin Marietta for continued outperformance in 2024 and beyond.

As detailed in today’s earnings release, we raised our full-year 2024 adjusted EBITDA guidance to a range to $2.30 billion to $2.44 billion or $2.37 billion at the mid-point. This increase reflects the benefits that will be realized from the recently acquired Blue Water operations as well as the strong realization of this year’s pricing actions. As is customary, we’ll revisit our guidance again at mid-year. Consistent with our SOAR 2025 initiatives, we’ve executed $4.5 billion of portfolio-enhancing transactions this year, reducing cyclical downstream exposure, while redeploying the proceeds to expand our aggregates footprint and improve our ability to generate consistently higher margins. More specifically, on January 12, we completed the acquisition of Albert Frei & Sons, a leading aggregates producer in Colorado, strengthening our aggregates platform in the high-growth Denver Metropolitan Area.

And on April 5, we acquired 20 aggregate operations from Blue Water Industries, providing us a new growth platform in Tennessee and Florida. These two pure-play aggregates transactions are expected to add approximately 17 million tons of annual shipments and generate approximately $180 million of annualized EBITDA, more than offsetting the EBITDA from the February 9th divestiture of the company’s South Texas cement and related concrete business. These transactions are all reflected in our revised adjusted EBITDA guidance as of their respective closing dates. Turning now to the company’s first-quarter operating performance, aggregate’s pricing fundamentals remain attractive, increasing 12.2% or 12.7% on an organic mix-adjusted basis, underscoring the advantages of our value-over-volume commercial strategy and our sales team’s unwavering commitment to receiving appropriate commercial consideration for our valuable and long-lived reserves.

Aggregate shipments declined 12.3% due largely to the well-chronicled weather-impacted start to the year in our East and Southwest divisions, and softening demand in warehouse, office, and retail construction, partially offset by more favorable weather and relative strength in our Central and West divisions. Aggregates product line gross profit per ton increased 14% and gross margin expanded by 90 basis points, notwithstanding the shipment decline. Looking ahead, we remain enthusiastic about Martin Marietta’s attractive market fundamentals and long-term secular trends across our three primary end uses of public works, non-residential, and residential construction. More specifically, we believe these markets in Martin Marietta’s chosen geographies will drive aggregate-intensive growth and favorable pricing trends for the foreseeable future.

We expect robust multi-year demand in public infrastructure, US-based manufacturing, energy projects, and data center construction will partially offset near-term softness in warehouse, light non-residential, and residential end-markets. That said, we fully expect the housing recovery, particularly in single-family once affordability challenges subside as demand in our key markets remains robust. Infrastructure activity is expected to continue to grow in 2024 as early Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act or IIJA projects advance to the major construction phase. Notably, according to the annual market outlook provided by the American Road and Transportation Builders Association or ARTBA, public highway, pavement, and street construction, the largest market sector is expected to increase 16% to $126 billion in 2024, as compared with $109 billion in 2023, as record State Department of Transportation or DOT budgets match federal funds and provide additional investments.

The value of state and local government highway, bridge, and tunnel contract award is a leading indicator for our future product demand grew 11% to $116 billion for the 12-month-period ending February 29, 2024. This generational investment in our nation’s infrastructure supported by federal, state, and local actions provides State DOTs with certainty to advance projects in their backlogs, driving sustained multi-year demand in this aggregates-intensive, often countercyclical market. Shifting to the heavy non-residential market, manufacturing projects continue to be supported by steady demand from ongoing reshoring of critical product supply chains. Construction spending for domestic manufacturing continues to trend positively with the February seasoning adjusted annual rate of spending for 2024 at $223 billion, a 32% increase from the February 2023 value of $169 billion.

Equally, we expect the long-term secular trends toward cloud-based services and artificial intelligence will drive renewed growth in data center construction, which had moderated from its post-COVID peak. As an example, in March, Google announced a new $1 billion data center in Kansas City to help drive its artificial intelligence efforts, which requires nearly 800,000 tons of aggregates from our uniquely positioned underground operations. Looking at the light non-residential market, we expect 2024 demand will be challenged given higher for longer interest rates, high office vacancy rates, and the natural construction lag from the last two years of single-family residential declines. As for the residential market, despite near-term uncertainty around mortgage rates, we’re encouraged by positive trends in single-family housing starts, a leading indicator of aggregates demand, which were at 1 million units in March 2024, a nearly 21% increase from a year ago.

Notably, single-family housing starts have been at or above 1 million units since November 2023, indicative of a recovery from the 2023 trough. Given the well-publicized structural housing deficit in our company’s key metropolitan areas, we expect Martin Marietta to benefit disproportionately from new home construction once interest rates moderate and monthly mortgage payments become more affordable. I will now turn the call over to Jim to discuss our first-quarter financial results. Jim?

Jim Nickolas: Thanks, Howard, and good morning, everyone. As Howard mentioned and indicated in our earnings release, we raised our full-year 2024 adjusted EBITDA guidance to $2.37 billion at the mid-point and our full-year 2024 aggregates gross profit guidance to $1.75 billion at the mid-point. The updated guidance for aggregates gross profit includes a $30 million non-recurring, non-cash purchase accounting impact expected in the second quarter for the fair market value write-up of inventory related to the Blue Water acquisition. The Building Materials business generated revenues of $1.2 billion, a decrease of 8%, and gross profit of $248 million, a decrease of 10%. The vast majority of the decline in both metrics is due to the effect of the divestiture of our South Texas cement and ready-mix business.

A much smaller portion of the decline was due to shipments impacted by tougher weather this quarter compared to the prior year’s unseasonably favorable weather conditions. Despite the lower shipment volumes, aggregates gross profit increased modestly to $239 million and gross margin increased 90 basis points to 27%. These results reflect our team’s focus on what we can control, specifically the efficacy of our commercial discipline and flexible cost structure, which drives higher profits without the benefit of growing volumes. Turning to our Texas Cement and targeted downstream businesses. Our cement and concrete revenues decreased 22% to $265 million and gross profit decreased 47% to $31 million, driven primarily by the divestiture of our South Texas cement plant and its related concrete operations and secondarily by wet weather in Texas.

Additionally, the new finish mill at our Midlothian cement plant in North Texas, which will add approximately 450,000 tons of incremental high-margin annual production capacity is still on track to be operational in the third quarter of 2024. Consistent with typical seasonal trends in relevant geographies, the asphalt and paving business posted a $22 million gross loss as our Minnesota-based asphalt facilities are inactive during the first quarter due to winter operational shutdowns and our Colorado-based operations experienced unfavorable winter conditions. Magnesia Specialties achieved an all-time quarterly gross profit record of $29 million, despite a 3% decrease in revenues to $81 million, as strong pricing, improved maintenance cost control, and energy tailwinds more than offset continued headwinds in metal mining end markets.

Our long-standing disciplined capital allocation priorities remain focused on responsibly growing our business through value-enhancing acquisitions, prudent organic capital investment, and the consistent return of capital to shareholders, all while maintaining our investment-grade credit rating profile. In the first quarter, we invested $200 million of capital into our business. We also returned to shareholders almost $200 million during the quarter with $150 million of that used to repurchase over 255,000 shares at an average price of $586.85. Since our repurchase authorization announcement in February 2015, we have returned a total of $2.8 billion to shareholders through both dividends and share repurchases. Our net debt-to-EBITDA ratio was 0.8 times as of March 31.

Assuming no further M&A activity, we expect net leverage to be 1.4 times by year-end below our targeted range of 2.0 times to 2.5 times, providing a strong balance sheet to capitalize on our robust acquisition pipeline. With that, I will turn the call back over to Howard.

Howard Nye: Jim, thanks so much. To conclude, we expect 2024 will be another year of significant achievement for Martin Marietta. We’re well-positioned to benefit from infrastructure tailwinds, providing steady product demand and favorable commercial dynamics across our coast-to-coast footprint. Over the past 30 years, years as a public company, Martin Marietta has built a resilient and durable business. We’ll continue to build on the foundation that has proven so successful, an aggregates-led platform with an unwavering commitment to safety, commercial, and operational excellence, and the disciplined execution of our strategic priorities. The operator will now provide the required instructions, we’ll turn our attention to addressing your questions.

Operator: Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Kathryn Thompson from Thompson Research Group. Your line is open. Kathryn Thompson you might be on mute. All right, we’re going to proceed with the next question. And your next question comes from the line of Trey Grooms from Stephens. Your line is open.

Trey Grooms: Hey, thank you. Good morning, Howard and Jim.

Howard Nye: Good morning, Trey and the good news is we can hear you.

Trey Grooms: Yes, sorry about that for Kathryn. You have clearly been very busy with acquisitions and overall portfolio optimization. And I know it’s early days, but maybe if you could talk about kind of the integration of AFS and BWI, how that’s going so far, maybe where you see opportunities there? And then with that, relative to the information you’ve given us in the past, I think you might be adjusting your view of the demand environment just a little bit, but taking up the ASP and maybe even the standalone EBITDA guide a bit. First off, do I have that right and maybe could you help us out with that? Thank you.

Howard Nye: You do have it right and thanks for the questions. I’ll try to do all three parts. So let’s talk first about integration and your question is a good one. And look, we’ve — we closed on Frei, we’ve closed on Blue Water, the transactions went well. And the nice thing from our perspective, one, our teams have done this and done a lot and done it well. Number two, we typically close on a Friday and we open up on Monday morning and it’s a Martin Marrietta operation. It has our signs, it has our tickets, they’re on our networks, and that’s exactly what we’ve seen. So again, the blocking, the tackling, and the people integration is complete and it’s exactly where you would expect it to be based on our history. Now from a commercial excellence and operational excellence integration perspective, a couple of views on that.

If we’re looking at the commercial excellence, I mean, given the fact that we closed on Blue Water relatively quickly, number one, we were able to announce mid-years in all of those markets effective July 15, and we generally like to provide people with at least 90 days of notice to our customers. So again, the early closing of Blue Water worked to our advantage in that respect. With regard to operational excellence, several things that I think are worth noting. Look, we look for quick wins. We’re looking for suppliers. We’re looking to spend more on favorable contracts that typically happen within the first 90 days without any incremental CapEx. We’re seeing that. Longer-term, we’re obviously going to be looking at plant upgrades, we’re looking at fleet modernization, and that typically takes some time, and it’s got a CapEx component.

And actually one of the things that you’ll see in the guidance is CapEx is up modestly and that’s up modestly because of things just like that in addition to what we feel like could be some opportunistic land purchases later. One thing relative to BWI in particular, keep in mind that was a carve out, so no corporate SG&A came with that business. So it was just already basically synergized from that perspective. So again, all of that has actually gone very nicely, Trey. The other piece of it that you mentioned and you’re right on, if we’re looking overall at volume, you remember when we came out at the year, not taking these transactions into account, we said we thought minus 2 to plus 2 midpoint was zero. What we’re seeing now because of interest longer, really a bit of a weather-impacted start to the year.

And the fact is, if we look at 5 million tons down in Q1, if we parse that, several things are worth noting. One, there were three less shipping days in this quarter than there were last year. That’s probably about, let’s call that a couple of million tons all by itself. But if we’re looking then at the balance, which is what, about 3 million tons really, Trey. I mean, about a third of that was slower private, about a third of that was weather, and about a third of that is value over volume. So again, when we’re taking those components into account and we’re looking at organic or Heritage volume, look, we think we’re probably closer to the lower end of that original guide, let’s call it down 2, down 3. And then what you’re seeing in the new guide takes the acquisition effect into account.

So hopefully, that gives you the bridge that you wanted, Trey. So, I tried to go through the integration components of it and then deal also with the volume bridge. Was there a piece of your question I did not respond to yet?

Trey Grooms: Yes, the one thing was just, you know, again, there’s a lot of moving pieces here, but just based on some of the information you’ve given us in the past about BWI in particular, it seems like maybe you’re adjusting that kind of standalone EBITDA guide up a bit. Do I have that right?

Howard Nye: No, we are. So if you look at the overall EBITDA mid-point, it’s now $2.37 billion. Now that’s 11% over where we were last year. So you take that into account that basically, we’re going to give you a year’s worth of Blue Water in only nine months. So, that’s one way to think of it. But the other thing that’s important to state is we’re also seeing improvement in the Heritage business as well. So, we’re getting a two for there. We’re getting the benefit of Blue Water, by the way, which we think there’s going to be more to come. We’re also seeing improvement in the Heritage business. You can see among other things, we raised the aggregate pricing to 12% at the midpoint. So again, that’s going to include some degree of mid-years this year.

And keeping in mind, some of the difficulty that we have is, if we’re looking at pricing that was at Frei and pricing that was at Blue Water, their pricing was actually below Heritage Martin Marietta pricing. So, the pricing that you’re seeing and the changes that you’re seeing are despite the overall headwind that we actually have from the new businesses that we brought in, Trey. So, I hope that helps relative to the EBITDA range and what we’re doing relative to pricing as well.

Trey Grooms: Yes, very helpful color, Howard. Thank you very much. Very encouraging and good luck for the rest of the year. Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you so much, Trey. Take care.

Trey Grooms: You too.

Operator: Thank you. And we’ll be taking the next question again from Kathryn Thompson from Thompson Research Group. Your line is now open.

Kathryn Thompson: Hi, thank you for taking my question. Apology for the technology glitch back here 15 years in the [Multiple Speakers]. Just a cleanup question from your prior answer, which was very helpful around guidance. Just a clarification, how much of the pricing guidance takes into account mid-year pricing actions, and also any other factors that we should take into account, given a change in mix from acquired and the opportunities for pricing with those acquisitions? And then finally, if I could just do one follow-on with Magnesia Specialties, while a small portion of EBITDA contribution, you had a very good quarter. What can we read through from a broader macro perspective on this business segment’s outperformance? Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Kathryn. So a couple of things. One, if we’re looking at the pricing guide that we’ve given for the rest of the year, I mean, here’s the direct answer. It’s got some mid-years, it doesn’t have everything that we believe we’re going to see. So what does that mean? It means that now that we bought Blue Water, we’ve already indicated to those customers, they’re going to get mid-years. So we’ve built that in. As you may recall, coming into the year, we had indicated though we had not put it in guidance, we had already indicated to our customers in California that they were going to get mid-years. That has been worked in. So there have been some very specific mid-years that have been worked into the numbers that you see.

So, the numbers that you’re seeing reflect two things, some very direct mid-years, very nice realization of the beginning gear increases that we put in. But the fact is, we still think we’re going to see some more mid-years at mid-year. So what that tells you is, you should expect us to come back with more color on what that looks like when we’re reporting during the summertime. So, that’s the way I would ask you to think about that. Now relative to Mag Specialties, I would say several things. Number one, the chemical markets globally are still very difficult markets. Now that said, Mag just had its best quarter ever. So I would say a couple of things are worth reading through on that. Number one, is steel doing relatively well? It is. Is it blowing the doors off?

It’s not. So it tells us that business is actually performing quite well. So, steel utilization is about at 72%. And so if we’re looking at the way that business is overall going, I’m actually very pleased with it. I think a read-through that you may be looking at is this, one of the things that we’re seeing begin to recover nicely is TPO roofing. And that tells us now as we’re looking at degrees of manufacturing and that manufacturing renaissance that we can look for across the United States, that TPO roofing is what we’re going to see in a lot of these data centers and a lot of these new battery plants and others. So, typically, we’re watching those products go into larger industrial uses, but when we’re seeing TPO roofing recover, if you’re looking for that read-through, Kathryn, I don’t think that’s a bad read-through.

Kathryn Thompson: Very helpful. Thanks so much and best of luck.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Kathryn.

Operator: Thank you. Your next question comes from the line of Stanley Elliott from Stifel. Your line is open.

Stanley Elliott: Hey, good morning, everyone. Thank you for the question. Howard, can you talk a little bit about kind of what you’re seeing from an end-market perspective? You know you mentioned about kind of some building into — from a volume standpoint as we’re kind of moving through the rest of the year. And I apologize if some of this was covered on some of the others. I’ve had some technical difficulties as well. But would love to kind of get some color on what’s happening across the end markets? Thanks.

Howard Nye: Stanley, thank you for the question. Happy to do so. I mean, look, let’s start with infrastructure, which is our single largest end-use and an end-use that we think is going to get nicely larger. But we see that up mid-single to high-single digits this year for several reasons. One, you’ve got the bipartisan infrastructure law that’s going to be coming in a meaningful way this year, build into ’25 even more meaningfully. So, we see that working in a very significant way in a multi-year fashion. Keep in mind too, we’ve got very healthy DOTs in our chosen geographies. If we’re looking at our top 10 states, those budgets are up around 10% year-over-year. And last year, keep in mind, those budgets were pretty attractive.

Yes, I mentioned in my prepared comments that if we’re looking at the last 12 months’ highway bridge and tunnel awards, those are up 12%. That’s $116 billion versus $104 billion during the prior period. And the other thing that I think people forget is what’s happening at local levels relative to ballot initiatives and what we saw last year were about $7 billion of transportation funding approved in 2023 that we’ll see in the marketplace this year. So, again, we think infrastructure looks attractive. If we’re looking at non-res, our view is still largely the same. We think that’s down probably mid-single digits, perhaps a little bit more. Keep in mind of the portion of our business that is non-res, around 55% of it is heavy non-res and about 45% of it is light non-res.

And by the way, we think that’s a pretty good break and we like the way that looks. Now if we’re thinking about heavy, several things are worth keeping in mind. One, we put in the supplemental slides the fact that there’s $53 billion worth of CHIPS Act money and about $250 billion of Inflation Reduction Act money that will be flowing through those sectors over the next several years. But what we’re seeing more specifically is demand for heavyside energy and domestic manufacturing, that continues to be really resilient and we think that’s offsetting moderation in degrees of distribution and warehousing. Now where we are seeing some green shoots and I think this is important is in AI and in data centers. So, for example, I mentioned Google is building a new facility in Kansas City.

It’s going to take about 800,000 tons, but it’s not just there. I mean, we’re seeing it across the Midwest, we’re seeing it in Omaha, we’re seeing it in Des Moines. And we’re going to be a disproportionate beneficiary of that due to the availability of land and wind power in those states where we actually have a very significant interest. Now light non-res is in fact, in our view going to be impacted near-term by the high interest rates for longer and office vacancy rates. And I think that partly goes back to the commentary that I was having with Trey relative to what we see going on with organic volume. So that’s certainly a piece of it. And resi, we see that down, let’s call it, low-single digits, maybe modestly higher than that. We think softness will persist there as we continue navigating this period of higher mortgage rates that’s impacting affordability.

I think clearly, people are thinking today that mortgage rates are going to remain higher than they would have thought in February. And I think that’s part of the reality of it. But I do like the recent trends. I mean, if we’re looking at recent trends in single-family housing starts are encouraging because since last November, the starts have been at 1 million units and that’s a nearly 21% year-over-year increase, and we know the demand is going to have to be met with new construction. And again, if you take a look at the states with big population inflows, I mean, think about these states and think about Martin Marietta, Texas, Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, et cetera. So while we think near-term single-family housing is going to be a modest headwind, we think long-term, it’s going to be really very attractive.

So, our view is, if we look at infrastructure and think about how that’s going to build multi-year, we look at res, think about how that’s going to build multi-year, we look at the heavy side of non-res, we think that’s going to continue to be very resilient, and we think the light non-res is going to come behind res, most likely with that six to nine-month lag. So Stanley, I hope that helps.

Stanley Elliott: Great color, Howard. Thanks so much and best of luck.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Stanley.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Anthony Pettinari from Citi. Your line is open.

Anthony Pettinari: Good morning.

Howard Nye: Hi, Anthony.

Anthony Pettinari: Hey, with the portfolio moves, it looks like you’ll raise your aggregate mix from the high 60s to high 70s in terms of gross profit. And my question is, is there kind of a long-term target percentage that you envision there and understanding you’ll continue to grow aggregates organically and through acquisitions? I’m just wondering if you could talk about kind of the role you see Mag and the remaining cement assets playing in the broader portfolio?

Howard Nye: Yes, I’d say several things. Number one, we are an aggregates-led company, and we’ve always told people that’s what you should expect us to be. And the moves that we have made are totally consistent with that. So should you expect to see aggregates number go up largely because I think we’ll be buying relatively aggregates pure businesses? I think the answer to that question is, yes. Equally though, if we pivot and talk about the other two businesses that you spoke of, remember, we’ve long spoken of the criticality of strategic cement. And we’ve said strategic cement is where we’re an aggregates leader, where the market is naturally vertically integrated, where we have a significant downstream business, meaning ready-mix concrete that takes a significant portion of the cement and where it cannot be meaningfully interdicted by water.

And the fact is that is precisely what Midlothian means to us. And one of the things that you’ll keep in mind, Anthony, we’ve got 450,000 tonnes worth of annual capacity that will be coming on at Midlothian this year in Q3. So we continue to invest in that business because we like that business and we very much like being in that business in Dallas-Fort Worth. Equally, if you look at the Magnesia Specialties business, and keep in mind, that’s a business that we have about $100 million worth of investment out. That’s a business that’s going to make over $100 million a year. And frankly, as a business if we can find ways to responsibly grow it, they’ve earned that right, because from a margin perspective, that’s a hugely attractive business. So the way that we think of it, yes, is it aggregates-led, you bet.

Are we looking in particular at those three big upstream businesses is driving the vast majority of our revenues and profits? And the upstream businesses, meaning, number one, aggregates, number two, cement, number three, Mag Specialties. So yes, you will see that aggregates percentage go up. And yes, your number was right. I mean, we’re sitting here today looking at gross profit from aggregates at about 77%. And if we look to where we were a year ago, it was somewhere sub 70%, closer to 69%. So expect that number to keep going up, but I hope I’ve also outlined to you the way that we think about our very important and very good cement business in Dallas-Fort Worth and a high-performing Magnesia Specialties business as well.

Anthony Pettinari: Okay. That’s very helpful. I’ll turn it over.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Anthony.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Jerry Revich from Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Jatin Khanna: Hi. Good morning, everyone. This is Jatin Khanna on behalf of Jerry Revich, from a portfolio standpoint, what has driven significant deal opportunities for you and is there scope for further asset refinement for the industry? What’s the range of additional M&A that’s feasible based on your pipeline? Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you for the question. I would say several things. One, we have looked in the markets in which we want to grow, and in the markets, most importantly, that we can grow. So we have several things that advantage us. Number one, the condition of our balance sheet. So if you look at our balance sheet, we are in a position that we can grow and we can continue to grow smartly. Number two, if you look at the transactions that we’ve done, I think you’ll look at the transactions and say that we have done those in a wise and prudent fashion. If we look at businesses that we want to buy in markets in which we want to enter, by our math, we found businesses that on a per annum basis, produce and sell about 238 million tons of aggregates per annum.

Here’s the way to capture that. Basically, there’s another Martin Marietta that’s out there that we believe we have the ability, over time, to buy. Now, can I sit here and tell you from a linear perspective exactly what that’s going to look like? No, I can’t. But can I tell you that I believe economically, geographically, regulatorily, and otherwise, that we are uniquely positioned to do that, in my view, better than any other publicly held company in the United States? I believe that we are. And of course, I look at the world through Martin Marietta lenses, but I also believe that’s a good clinical view of where we are. Our team is good at that. We’re good at identifying businesses. We’re good at the contracting phase of it. And as you heard during my earlier comments, we’re very good at the integration and synergy phase of it as well.

And our shareholders like what we do from M&A. So will it continue to be our first call on capital if we’ve got the right deal? The answer is it will. So our capital priorities remain the same. The right deal is number one, investing in the business responsibly is number two, and returning cash to shareholders through a meaningful and sustainable dividend and through share repurchases remains number three. And my guess is those will be our priorities for quite a while. So again, I hope that’s responsive to your question.

Jatin Khanna: Very helpful. Thanks a lot.

Howard Nye: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Angel Castillo from Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Angel Castillo: Hi. Thanks for taking my question and more just to build off of that last comment there. It sounds like nothing’s really changing there in terms of the capital allocation priorities. But curious as M&A, perhaps, or the opportunities to do things as attractive of multiples as you have done in kind of the last several quarters here. Just curious as you think about that valuation, one, how is it evolving in terms of the pipeline opportunities? And two, I think some of your peers have talked about the ability to do greenfields in kind of a shorter period of time since four years. So just help us understand, I guess, maybe how that’s evolving with rates where they are, with valuations where they are, just any kind of puts and takes there in terms of opportunities around greenfields as well as versus M&A?

Howard Nye: Yes, thank you for the question. Number one, what I would say is when we go through a transaction and look at what we can do from a synergy perspective on making the operations safer, on making the operations more efficient, and making sure that we can bring more products to market. The ability to go through a business and synergize it from those perspectives so it works for our customers is important. And that’s precisely what we’ve been able to do at Blue Water and that’s what we’re doing right now at Albert Frei. And through that type of process that we have, we can take what might otherwise look like a relatively high multiple. And by the time we’re done with it, bring it to a multiple that you look at, I look at, our shareholders look at and feel like that’s a very attractive multiple.

Our view is that’s the way that we’re going to continue growing our business. Now from a land use and planning perspective, look, we’re good at that, too. We’re good at identifying property. We’re good at going through the zoning, we’re good at going through special use permitting. But frankly, you’re going to see more of that adjacent to ongoing operations than you will from a greenfield perspective. And one reason I feel that way. Look, I think four years is a pretty heady timeframe to think about a greenfield operation. I think a more realistic timeframe is probably 7 years to 10 years. And if we think about the difference in cash flow, getting a meaningful profit in buying a business today, as opposed to greenfielding, we think that’s a more constructive way to do it.

The other thing to keep in mind is, we’re an awfully long way away from being anywhere near peak volumes in our business. So we’re looking at reserves in the ground today that are at nearly 70 years at current extraction rates. So our need to go out and put in greenfield locations is not terribly high. Our need in some instances, for example, in California and what we did in Colorado years ago in buying adjacent properties, bulking up what looks like a 30-year reserve position in California to something that’s going to be a lot longer, we think that’s a very sensible way to go through land purchase. And you heard me speak earlier in our CapEx number, we’re looking at some opportunistic land purchases. But I would expect us to do M&A. I would expect us to do it within multiples that to us, and I believe to you will look quite reasonable.

And I would look for us not to do so much greenfielding, but to be more focused in our Heritage business and adding reserves to existing locations.

Angel Castillo: Very helpful. Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Garik Shmois from Loop Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Garik Shmois: Hi. Thank you. I was hoping if you could speak to what you’re seeing on the cost side. Obviously a good margin performance in aggregates in the quarter despite the weaker volumes. Just wondering if you could speak to any updated cost assumptions, if anything has changed since the beginning of the year?

Jim Nickolas: Yes. Hey, Garik. Jim here. I think I indicated in the last quarter’s call about 7% COGS per ton inflation. I think that’s still accurate for the full year. I would say that inflation rate will be higher in the first half of the year and lower in the back half of the year, but blended average of 7%. So I think it’s still consistent. We did have some decent tailwinds in Q1 that’s going to fade as the year goes on, but I think on an overall basis, I think 7% is still the right number.

Garik Shmois: Very helpful. Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Garik.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Keith Hughes from Truist. Your line is in.

Keith Hughes: Thank you. I just want to go back to the organic unit expectation for the year. I’m a little surprised at some of your comments, given that usually this weather gets pushed — weather shortfall gets pushed forward and with the highway money coming in, is the — is the non-resident offset that big? If you could just talk a little more about that?

Howard Nye: I think the overall private offset is what we’re more focused on at. I think we believe the heavy side of non-res will continue to be attractive, Keith. I think we believe that we’re going to see a continued build in public throughout the year with momentum going into next year. I think if we’re seeing degrees of softness, and we are, it’s going to be in the light, non-res, and the res, and of course, single family res is about 2 times to 3 times more aggregates-intensive than multifamily is. So I think as we’re just looking at it through those lenses with longer, higher interest rates and frankly, degrees of share, that we’re probably giving up and have given up with respect to our value over volume philosophy. I think as we’re looking at those things together, that leads us to the conclusion that I’ve offered to you relative to the organic overall volume on aggregates.

Keith Hughes: Okay. Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Keith.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Phil Ng from Jeffries. Your line is open.

Phil Ng: Hey, guys. Appreciating Texas cement a little smaller now the divestiture, the weather was obviously a little wet to start the year. So just curious, how is the April Texas cement increase coming along? You guys are obviously ramping up grinding capacity from Midloadian. Have you locked up some of that business? Any risk that it puts on perhaps pricing in the back half? And does the market, in your view support potentially a mid-year for Texas Cement, at least where you guys are situated?

Howard Nye: Well, thanks for the question. I’d say several things. One, if we’re looking at ASP, really looking at it on mix adjusted, it was up like 8.7%. I mean, number one, that’s a pretty good number, taking into account a lot of things happened in April. The other thing that I will tell you is, we have not given up the ghost on the prospect of a price increase in September as well. So, no, we continue to see North Texas being very healthy. We continue to see the pricing environment there very good. And keep in mind, we’ve got a big internal customer there of our own as well, and we treat our own business just like we treat other customers in that marketplace. So again, we feel like that’s going to be pretty attractive. The other piece of it that fits together, and I think this is worth saying as we look at it.

Equally, if we look at ASPs in ready mix, I mean, they were up 9% versus the prior year quarter. So again, the ready mix business, despite the fact that we had significant weather headwinds in the Southwest, we actually had nice weather or nicer weather in Arizona. And if we look at the overall gross profit for ready mix for the quarter, quarter-over-quarter, it was actually nicely up. And again, I read that through for you, Phil, because I think that’s a good indicator of what’s happening in cement as well.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Brent Thielman from D.A. Davidson. Your line is open.

Brent Thielman: Hey, thanks. Good morning. Howard, what inning or quarter, however, you’d like to describe, do you think you’re in with respect to the legacy Heidelberg assets, essentially the California business? I’m thinking in particular just around the pricing optimization strategy. And can we infer sort of a similar timeline for what you plan to implement in AFS and BWI?

Howard Nye: Brent, thank you for the question. I would say several things. One, I still think we’re in relatively early innings in California. I mean, that’s still a business that if we look at the overall average selling price, it’s below our corporate average. You can’t say that about many things in California. So I think that’s a piece of it. I think the other thing that we’re focused on is continuing to grow our business in aggregates in that state. And I think as we continue to do that, that business will mature, that business will become more profitable, our team will become more seasoned, and that business, from the perspective of what does it look like from a percentage of profit, look like, it looked like a lot of the rest of Martin Marietta.

So I would think we’re in relatively early innings there. If we think about the Frei business and the Blue Water businesses, yes, look, I mean, they’re clearly below a Martin Marietta average. We’re already talking obviously, about mid-years in the Blue Water transactions. Those are also more home markets for us. I mean, that’s — those are Southeastern markets and markets that we know well. I’m not sure what the rate and pace of those businesses will look like compared to California, but my guess is they will likely run in parallel, maybe modestly ahead. That would be the way I would think about it, Brent.

Brent Thielman: Okay. Very good. Thank you.

Howard Nye: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Michael Dudas from Vertical Research. Your line is open.

Michael Dudas: Good morning, Jacklyn, Howard, and Jim.

Howard Nye: Hey, Michael.

Michael Dudas: I wanted to come back to your comment on data centers, relative to some of the other heavy non-res markets, it seemed a little bit more, at least in the presentation as well, bit more cautious. Is that a reflection of just the fact of power siting issues, lumpiness, and where these data centers are going to be in the areas that you participate is just, there’s so much demand. There just needs to be kind of a sorting out of this opportunity. I just want to get a sense from your standpoint, being a large vendor on the early stage of it.

Howard Nye: Yes, I would say several things about it. Number one, there was a really good piece in the Wall Street Journal about 10 days ago, talking about how prolific these data centers will be and talking to a degree about what some of the roadblocks have been and getting them in, and they’re multi-fold. One is land. I mean, what’s available. Two, is degrees of energy. And I think one reason we feel particularly good about that is the presence that we have in the central part of the United States. So as I’m sitting here today, there are four data centers under construction today in Eastern Nebraska and Western Iowa. I mean that — and those are actually really important markets for us. So again, as we’re looking at the long term secular, e-commerce, cloud, AI trends, but importantly the wear on that, I think that’s where we get to advantage Martin Marietta.

Because are we going to have to have more of that in the Southeast? Yes. Is land use going to be a bit more complicated here? Yes. Will they need more in Texas and the Southwest? Yes. And will land use, people, water, et cetera, be a bit more complicated? Yes. But again, as we’re looking in the Central United States today, where we have a very significant presence and a very attractive business, I think in the near term, meaning ’24, part of early ’25, I think that’s where we’ll see it, and I think that’s going to be our differentiator.

Michael Dudas: Thank you, Howard.

Howard Nye: Thank you.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Adam Thalhimer from Thompson Davis. Your line is open.

Adam Thalhimer: Hey, good morning, guys. Hey, Howard, can you comment on the value over volume strategy? Kind of, why is that sticking with us here and any additional color on why are we dealing with that issue?

Howard Nye: I guess one thing that I would say is, frankly, I think our products have been underpriced for a long time, and there’s no heavy side building activity that takes place without our product. And we’re 10% of the cost of building a road, we’re 2% the cost of building a home, and somewhere between those two numbers on a non-res project. But we’re also mining and putting something on the ground that takes a lot of skill to do it well and to do it safely. And from our perspective, making sure we’re getting good value for the product is really important. And if you look at the quarter that just ended, if ever there was a quarter that revealed why value over volume is so important, this has been it, right? I mean, you’re looking at ASPs up over 12%, you’re looking at volume down 12%.

But here’s what you and I know, the pricing is going to stick and the volume is going to come back. And when those two things happen, what you have is a margin expansion show, that’s really quite impressive. So if we look at the overall difficulties of doing our business, the overall difficulties of getting into our business, and the degree of work that we have to go through to put a quality specification product on the ground safely, I think talking to our teams about value is an important conversation for us to have. And from a customer perspective, what we’ve largely seen is if they have enough time to work those numbers into their bid, it tends to work relatively well from their perspective as well. So, look, as we’ve said before, I think if we’re in a world that we’re looking at pricing the way it was looked at in our company here four or five years ago, going forward, something has gone wrong at that point.

I just — I believe, we’re in a different period of time, a different economic cycle, and a different way of thinking about value of our product in the ground and in the stockpile.

Adam Thalhimer: Good color. Thanks, Howard.

Howard Nye: Thank you, Adam.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of David MacGregor from Longbow Research. Your line is open.

David MacGregor: Yes. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking my questions. Howard, congratulations on all the progress on the portfolio management. Very impressive.

Howard Nye: David. Thank you. Thank you so much. You’ve watched it a long time, so you’ve been able to see it.

David McGregor: Yes. Well, it’s still going. It sounds like it still has more to go. I wanted to just ask you about the weather impact in the first quarter and how that may have complicated price realizations on your — beginning of your pricing. I know you kind of touched this in response to a previous question, but I may want to come at this slightly different angle. Can you just talk about the variance that you’re seeing on kind of an MSA to an MSA basis across your footprint in terms of traction on this price increase? And also from a weather standpoint, given that maybe some of this is getting pushed out a little bit, does it leave you may be looking at some ASP pressure temporarily in 2Q before you’re able to get a greater footing on those price actions in 3Q and beyond?

Howard Nye: David, thank you for the question. I would say several things. No, to the last part of your question. First, I don’t think it puts any degree of 2Q pressure on that. And again, we think we’re going to see degrees of mid-years even beyond what we already built into the guide right now. What I would say relative to the weather, it was really more of a Southwest issue than anything else, because there was so much rain in Texas and it was so considerably different year-over-year. We did see degrees of deferrals in some places in Texas from January 1 to April 1, and that was part of the conversation that I was having a bit earlier relative to cement in particular. So I do think the weather in that unique circumstance played a bit of a role.

But again, keep in mind, a lot of the country was accustomed to seeing April 1 pricing. So this notion of pushing everything to January 1 was really something that we’ve introduced with our customer base here over the last, let’s call it 18 months to 24 months anyway. So I think if I’m looking at whether, how it affected pricing, I think that was it. I think it was relatively discreet. I don’t think it puts any degree of undue pressure on what we’ll see here in the second quarter or for the balance of the year. And I do think it’s one of the reasons, again, that we’re going to be at least looking at the prospect of some September price increases in cement because it was a little bit slower coming out of the gate in January. David, does that help?

David McGregor: Yes, it does. Thanks very much, Howard.

Howard Nye: You bet. Good to talk to you.

Operator: And your next question comes from the line of Timna Tanners from Wolfe Research. Your line is open.

Timna Tanners: Yes. Hey, good morning.

Howard Nye: Hi, Timna.

Timna Tanners: I wanted to ask about the data center commentary with regard to the 800,000 tons. Is that normal for a data center? Is that — that particular Google one you mentioned? And also, how do we compare that with the footprint of the warehouse? I’ve heard some comparisons there, just wondering like size-wise, how they compare against one another. And I think there was an earlier question about maybe your caution there, but it is in your presentation as something you’re more cautious on. So I just want to make sure we understand that?

Howard Nye: Yes, good question, Timna. Look, I don’t look at that and think of that as being anywhere outside of a normal fairway on what you’d expect on that type of a large commercial project in that type of space. So do I think that’s pretty consistent with degrees of other large warehousing? Yes, I think it probably is. Because if you think about it, Timna, several things are happening. One, they’re doing the normal site work, that’s going to take a good deal of base. At some point, they’re putting up — putting in the floors that will typically be concrete. At some point, too, they’re going to build the walls and keep in mind, this isn’t typically an exercise in aesthetics. In other words, it’s not going to be brick. It’s not going to be other things that are painted for beauty in large measure, although I’m not saying there’s not beauty in concrete walls, in large measure these will be concrete tilt up walls.

And then the last piece of it, it goes back to some of the conversations I had earlier. Often times you’ll see TPO roofing on these. And I referenced relative to the question on a read-through in Mag, was there anything that could pull through? I think this is an example of that. So, no, 800,000 tons isn’t unusual. Two, I think it’s about in the middle of the fairway. Three, that what the typical build looks like at one of these. And as you know, for us, in many respects, it’s all about location and what I was referencing there in particular, we’re the largest underground miner in aggregates in the United States. And when we get in the central part of the United States in particular, we’re able to use our underground mine locations to actually be closer to market centers than we would be able to if we were mining in open pit locations.

And what that means is, this facility that we’re talking about is one that is literally almost above us. So from a proximity perspective, Timna, it actually works very well.

Timna Tanners: That’s helpful. Color. I like the beauty and concrete. Thanks again.

Howard Nye: Well, I appreciate that, Timna.

Operator: All right, thank you. And that concludes our Q&A portion for today’s call. I would like to turn it back to Howard Nye for closing remarks.

Howard Nye: Thank you all for joining today’s earnings conference call. In summary, we believe our commitment to world-class safety, commercial and operational excellence in sustainable business practices position us to provide compelling results for the foreseeable future. Thanks to our best-in-class teams, differentiated business model, well-defined strategic plan, and unrivaled growth opportunities, Martin Marietta is well-positioned to continue driving sustainable growth and superior shareholder value as we build and maintain the world’s safest, best-performing, and most durable aggregates-led public company. We look forward to sharing our second quarter, 2024 results in the summer. As always, we’re available for any follow-up questions. Thank you again for your time and continued support of Martin Marietta.

Operator: Thank you presenters. And ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.