Title

Presentation

Glaukos Corporation misses on earnings expectations. Reported EPS is $-0.28 EPS, expectations were $-0.22.

Operator: Hello, and thank you for standing by. My name is Tiffany, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to Glaukos’ Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the call over to Chris Lewis, Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs. Chris, please go ahead.

Christopher Lewis: Thank you, and good afternoon. Joining me today are Glaukos Chairman and CEO, Tom Burns; President and COO, Joe Gilliam; and CFO, Alex Thurman. Similar to prior quarters, the company has posted a document on its Investor Relations website under the Financials and Filings Quarterly Results section titled Quarterly Summary. This document is designed to be read by investors before the regularly scheduled quarterly conference call. [Operator Instructions] Please note that all statements other than statements of historical facts made on this call that address activities, events or developments we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. These include statements about our plans, objectives, strategies and prospects regarding, among other things, our sales, products, pipeline technologies and clinical trials, U.S. and international commercialization, market development efforts, product approvals, the efficacy of our current and future products, competitive market position, regulatory strategies and reimbursement for our products, financial condition and results of operations as well as the expected impact of general macroeconomic conditions, including foreign currency fluctuations on our business and operations.

These statements are based on current expectations about future events affecting us and are subject to risks, uncertainties and factors relating to our operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. Therefore, they may cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Please review today’s press release and our recent SEC filings for more information about these risk factors. You’ll find these documents in the Investors section of our website at www.glaukos.com. Finally, please note that during today’s call, we will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, including results on an adjusted basis. We believe these financial measures can facilitate a more complete analysis and greater transparency into Glaukos’ ongoing results of operations, particularly when comparing underlying results from period to period.

Please refer to the tables in our earnings press release available on the Investor Relations section of our website for a reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. With that, I will turn the call over to Glaukos Chairman and CEO, Tom Burns.

Thomas Burns: Okay. Thanks, Chris. Good afternoon, and thank you all for joining us. Today, Glaukos reported record fourth quarter consolidated net sales of $143.1 million, consistent with our pre-announcement last month, and up 36% on a reported basis and 34% on a constant currency basis versus the year ago quarter. For the full year 2025, consolidated record net sales of $507.4 million grew 32% versus 2024. We are also reaffirming our full year 2026 net sales guidance range of $600 million to $620 million, which implies continued strong year-over-year growth of more than 20% at the midpoint. Our record fourth quarter and full year results reflect a highly successful year of global execution across our key commercial and development initiatives, and underscore the dedication of our global teams, strength of our differentiated technology platforms and our evolution into a more diversified ophthalmic leader.

From a corporate perspective, 2025 was a milestone year. In addition to surpassing $0.5 billion in annual sales, we celebrated our tenth anniversary of our 2015 IPO, surpassed 1,000 employees worldwide and broke ground on a new facility in Huntsville, Alabama. As we enter into 2026, we are well positioned to sustain our strong growth momentum, led by 2 transformational growth drivers, including the continued advancement of the interventional glaucoma treatment paradigm with iDose TR, along with the launch of Epioxa, opening up a new paradigm in interventional keratoconus and rare diseases. These 2 highly differentiated and durable market opportunities underpin our confidence to deliver a best-in-class growth profile extending well into the next decade as we continue to invest in and advance a robust industry-leading pipeline while remaining disciplined in capital allocation, focusing on ROI-driven investments and cash flow.

Our record fourth quarter results are a testament to the progress we continue to make in advancing our mission to transform vision therapies for the benefits of patients worldwide. Within our U.S. glaucoma franchise, we delivered record fourth quarter net sales of $86.4 million on strong year-over-year growth of 53%, driven by growing contributions from iDose TR, which generated sales of approximately $45 million in the fourth quarter. iDose TR’s positive clinical outcomes continue to generate momentum with sales of approximately $136 million in 2025, reflecting strong physician adoption, reaffirming the compelling patient impact of this game changing therapy. Operationally, our teams continue to execute well on all of our plans focused on growing training surgeons and accounts, increasing utilization, broadening market access, expanding the clinical evidence and accelerating targeted marketing investments.

We believe iDose TR remains early in its overall adoption curve with significant value yet to be unlocked as we expand market access and build on the progress in 2026 and beyond. Last month, we were pleased to announce that the U.S. FDA approved our NDA labeling supplement allowing for unlimited re-administration of iDose TR in patients who maintain a healthy cornea. We welcome this important labeling enhancement and believe it should help expand access for patients who may benefit from a repeat treatment and provide physicians with greater flexibility in managing their glaucoma patients over time. With iDose TR as the foundation, our goal to advance and improve glaucoma treatment by driving earlier intervention continues to gain steam as we educate surgeons and thought leaders globally to organically drive this broader evolution in the standard of care for the benefits of patients.

While we remain in the early stages of these interventional glaucoma efforts, we are encouraged with the increasing levels of clinical interest for this paradigm-changing evolution. Moving on, our international glaucoma franchise delivered net sales of $32.8 million on year-over-year growth of 18% on a reported basis and 13% on a constant currency basis. This strong growth was once again broad-based as we continue to scale our international infrastructure and execute our plans to drive MIGS forward as the standard of care in each region and major market in the world. As previously discussed, we continue to expect new competitive product trialing headwinds in some of our major international markets as we progress through 2026, partially offset by growing contributions from iStent infinite, following its EU MDR certification and associated European commercial launch late last year.

And finally, our corneal health franchise delivered net sales of $24 million on year-over-year growth of 12%, including Photrexa net sales of $21.4 million. As you know, during the fourth quarter, we were delighted to announce the FDA approval of Epioxa, a novel groundbreaking advancement in corneal cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus, a rare sight-threatening disease that is currently far too often undiagnosed and untreated. Interest from the physician community following approval has been very encouraging and reinforces our view that with Epioxa, we are ushering in a new standard of care for keratoconus patients and practitioners with the first and only FDA-approved topical drug therapy that does not require removal of the corneal epithelium, the outermost layer of the front of the eye.

As a reminder, Epioxa utilizes a proprietary combination of an oxygen-enriched novel therapeutic that is bioactivated by UV light in an incision-free procedure. It is the result of more than a decade of research focused on slowing or halting the progression of keratoconus while significantly improving patient comfort and minimizing recovery time to provide a new way forward for patients afflicted with this sight-threatening rare disease. As we’ve discussed, the FDA approval of Epioxa has allowed us to reset and redefine our go-to-market approach to better address this sight-threatening disease and truly expand patient care and access. Immediately following approval, our cross-functional teams commenced execution of our detailed methodical initial commercial launch plans ahead of Epioxa drug availability expected later this quarter.

Importantly, with this launch, we plan to substantially increase our investments in patient awareness, education and access while addressing the long-standing challenges of under-diagnosis and under-treatment that have affected this rare disease community. Our efforts are designed to support patients and families at every stage from awareness and diagnosis through ongoing treatment, taking the entire journey as seamless, efficient and patient-friendly as possible over time. As with all pharmaceutical launches, initial patient access will be gated by our site of care network deployment and typical payer adoption headwinds and hurdles, but we’re investing in the infrastructure, teams and processes necessary to get Epioxa to as many patients as soon as possible in 2026 and beyond.

We’ve been encouraged by the progress we’ve made in short order following approval. First, I’m proud to report we are ahead of schedule in establishing our Epioxa sites of care network. Our early [ Wave 1 ] efforts are yielding results with acquired O2n Systems already actively deployed in locations covering nearly 50% of the U.S. population and a broader pipeline of systems moving through the approval processes that would expand our treatment center of reach closer to 90%. Looking ahead, we will continue evolving this network to bring treatment access closer to patients as reimbursement and drug acquisition pathways become further established and streamlined. Next, on the market access front, we have completed our initial payer communications and updated key payer databases with the details associated with the Epioxa launch.

Our payer team is already actively engaged today with insurers, representing approximately 50% of commercially covered lives in the United States, including 4 of the top 5 commercial payers. As a result, we have seen several early positive coverage determinations spanning across the Medicaid and commercial payer landscape. We successfully submitted for the permanent J-code and expect it to become effective in July of 2026. Based on the CMS’ cycle for J-codes, until then, we anticipate Epioxa will be commercially available under a new technology miscellaneous J-code and anticipate measured adoption over this initial period until the permanent J-code is in place. In addition, we’ve also rolled out various new patient services and support programs led by our patient access liaison teams designed to streamline care coordination, demystify the insurance approval process and advance coverage decisions where possible.

Our teams are also deploying new marketing and DTC campaigns designed to significantly enhance awareness, education and detection, driven by increased engagement with the optometric community, the development of a handheld KC screening device and expanded advocacy partnerships alongside new patient education efforts to identify and reach patients earlier. Finally, as we’ve discussed with the launch of Epioxa, a critical focus of ours is to improve patient access to the sight-saving keratoconus treatment. On that front, we have successfully deployed a new financial co-pay assistance program for eligible patients and operationalize a comprehensive specialty pharma option available for our customers at launch. As you can see, we are very excited by the significant potential Epioxa offers to patients living with keratoconus and believe it will deliver an exceptional value to patients, providers in the health care system.

This enthusiasm was on full display during our recent national sales meeting, where anticipation for Epioxa’s availability later this quarter was palpable. We’re probably in the way once again in forging a new path to drive expanded patient access and enhanced treatment standards. Beyond Epioxa, we continue to advance a broad and differentiated clinical pipeline across our 5 novel therapeutic platforms with several noble milestones. Within our iStent surgical glaucoma platform, we completed patient enrollment in a PMA pivotal trial for iStent infinite in mild to moderate glaucoma patients during the fourth quarter and continue to advance a 510(k) pivotal study for the PRESERFLO MicroShunt. Within our iDose platform, patient enrollment is well underway in the Phase IIb/III clinical program for iDose TREX, our next-generation iDose therapy, with initial results of our Phase IIa clinical trial demonstrating substantial IOP reductions of 8.6 to 10.8 millimeters of mercury through 3 months.

In addition, we recently commenced a Phase IIIb study for iDose TRIO and continue to advance several Phase IV studies. Within our iLink platform, we plan to bring a KC screening tool to market later this year and initiate a Phase III program for our third-gen iLink therapy next year. Within our ILution platform, we commenced a Phase II study for ILution Demodex blepharitis in the fourth quarter. And finally, within our retinal platform, we recently completed enrollment in a first-in-human clinical development program for GLK-401, our intravitreal multi-kinase inhibitor retinal program in patients with wet AMD. Despite being a relatively young company, Glaukos has invested over $1 billion in R&D since inception to develop a robust pipeline focused on chronic and rare ophthalmic diseases.

Our continued investment in R&D remains best-in-class, underscoring our commitment to growing first and advancing the standard of care for ophthalmic patients worldwide into the future. In conclusion, at Glaukos, we’re in the business of pioneering entirely new marketplaces within ophthalmology. Innovation is at the core of everything we do as we advance our mission to transform vision therapies that can meaningfully advance the standard of care and improve outcomes for patients suffering from sight-threatening chronic eye diseases. Our mantra of We’ll Go First embodies our commitment and determination to take chances, push the limits of science and disrupt the legacy of treatment paradigms in glaucoma, rare disease and retinal diseases through our pursuit of game-changing innovation.

Our record fourth quarter and full year 2025 highlights the strength of our strategy and execution as we continue evolving into a diversified ophthalmic leader with multiple transformational growth drivers in iDose TR and Epioxa and advance our mission to transform vision therapies for the benefit of patients worldwide. So with that, I’ll open the call for questions. Operator?

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Operator: [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Tom Stephan with Stifel.

Thomas Stephan: First one on Epioxa. Tom, you mentioned early positive coverage determinations from commercials and Medicaid, I believe you said. Can you elaborate on kind of the key highlights here a bit? And then just broadly, to what extent has there been any payer pushback on pricing of Epioxa and/or the Photrexa discontinuation?

Joseph Gilliam: Tom, it’s Joe. I’ll start off there. If Tom wants to add comments, he certainly can. So from a payer standpoint, it’s important to remember that really you start to get a lot more of the coverage policies in place once you’ve got drug in channel and you’re actually adjudicating the claims. In the early days, it’s all about the clinical education associated with the product, make sure those payers understand what Epioxa is, what it means for patients and how that’s differentiated from Photrexa that they’ve obviously known for several years now. So when he said that there’s a positive development in terms of early policies, it’s really because it’s even a bit surprising in the context of a normal drug launch here in this case in pre-drug and channel, you’re getting positive outcomes with a handful of Medicaid societies as well as with one of the larger blue plans out there.

And so all of the conversations so far have been much more clinical in nature. We’ve not heard any formal or informal pushback from payers on the pricing dynamics associated with Epioxa. And so we continue to move forward and look forward to obviously to getting the drug officially launched, if you will, and engaging on a claim-by-claim basis with these payers and ultimately getting into a place where many more have the positive coverage determinations that we expect.

Thomas Stephan: Got it. That’s great. And then my second question on iDose. Joe, maybe to stick with you. Can you talk a bit about kind of the key factors that drove the sequential deceleration in revenue in 4Q now that there’s been some time to digest. And maybe more importantly, what’s your level of confidence in continued sequential growth year in the first quarter, maybe you can speak about how to think about, I guess, iDose growth directionally in 1Q as well as throughout ’26?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. Sure, Tom. I think from an iDose perspective in the fourth quarter, and we talked a little bit of this in a recent conference. We did see a couple of factors. Obviously, we did continue to grow sequentially and grow nicely. I think it was north of 10% sequentially. But underlying that were a couple of dynamics we’re calling out. But the first is that in the fourth quarter, and this is learning a little bit for us in the context of iDose, the mix shifts a little bit towards Medicare Advantage. There’s a lot more volume done in the fourth quarter typically than ophthalmology. But because a lot of those benefits and I’ll call it the patient out-of-pocket dynamics and related, you tend to see a little bit more on the Medicare Advantage side relative to the fee-for-service patient population.

And then second was just some specific things to Glaukos and I’ll call it our rep incentive that in looking back, we saw probably a little bit of pull into Q3 and a little bit of pullout into Q4 but on the margin, I think, also impacted that. If you think about translating that moving forward, I think what I would say is, we do expect continued progress sequentially into the first quarter with iDose despite it being a seasonally low quarter from procedure volumes. And as the overall year, which we can talk more about throughout your matter, we expect there are going to be continued sequential improvement each quarter throughout the 2026 time period.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Adam Maeder with Piper Sandler.

Adam Maeder: Congrats on all the progress. Maybe picking up, Joe, a little bit where we just left off. I wanted to ask about top line guidance for FY ’26, the $600 million to $620 million. And really just hoping you can kind of pull apart some of the different components, whether it’s iDose contribution, how you’re thinking about the U.S. stent business and corneal health with Epioxa. Any quantitative color would be fantastic, but even just broad qualitative strokes such as we expect this business to grow or not grow would be really helpful. And then I had a follow-up.

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. Happy to do that, Adam, and maybe I’ll start off. And obviously, if you have follow-up questions or others, we can dive a little bit deeper. But if you think about the guidance that we’ve set and kind of affirmed here today, which is normally the time when we set it for first time, as many of you know. There’s no question 2026 is another pivotal year for us as our efforts, as you heard Tom say, to transform the standard of care and interventional glaucoma with iDose and iStent infinite are kind of now finally joined by what I’ll call a complete reset and expansion of our investments, the launch of Epioxa. And so we were pleased to be able to establish an initial guidance range of $600 million to $620 million, which at the midpoint, represents more than $100 million of growth in this year.

If you think about it by franchise, I think it’s probably the easiest way to start. On the international glaucoma side, we expect high single-digit growth internationally for the year as competitive launch headwinds really play themselves out in several of the key markets as we’ve talked about for a couple of quarters now and they’re somewhat offset by the iStent infinite launches and the broader individual glaucoma and market access initiatives that we have going on worldwide. I think in the early part of the year, that will be a little bit higher than that. And then as some of the currency tailwinds wear off, we would certainly expect that to come in a little bit in the back half of the year. On the U.S. glaucoma side, we expect embedded in the guidance is growth in the 30% range year-over-year, driven entirely by iDose TR.

I think as we’ve said in prior calls, I think it’s safe to start off this 2026, assuming that the non-iDose business is flat on a year-over-year basis. And so the entirety of that growth, I’m talking about is really being driven by iDose. And that leaves corneal health. And while there are a fair number of, I’ll call it, moving parts associated with the launch of Epioxa and the transition from Photrexa, I think we can confidently say we continue to expect that the franchise will grow modestly year-over-year, but with a fair amount of volatility, particularly in Q2 and as we enter into Q3 as Epioxa becomes available and that permanent J-code is established, you’ll see the warehousing effect that we’ve been thinking about and the sort of delay as those patients are working their way through the approval process and ultimately getting approval and treatment as we kind of make our way through Q3 and certainly into Q4, where we think that the strongest results will be for that business.

Adam Maeder: That’s really helpful, Joe. I appreciate all the color. And maybe just for the follow-up. I guess another modeling question, and I just wanted to ask for a little bit more color on cadence quarterly realizing you just gave a little bit there. But for Q1, I had the Street modeling, I think, $132 million, $133 million of revenue, which is down sequentially quarter-over-quarter. Just curious if you have any reaction to that figure. And obviously, Epioxa transition versus Photrexa is a little bit, I think, tough to pin down. So any more color you can kind of give us on how you’re thinking about sequencing would be appreciated.

Joseph Gilliam: Yes, Adam, it obviously is a bit tricky on the cornea side, but I’ll zoom out for a second. I think for 2026 we’ll probably deviate a little bit from those historical norms that you’ve been around the story for a while, you know that ophthalmic procedures tend to see seasonality of, call it, 22%, 23% in the first quarter and 24%, 25% in Q2 and Q3, and then 28% plus or minus in Q4. When you look at what’s driving it for us, it’s really based on the 2 primary factors you might expect. With the iDose launch, as I mentioned earlier in the call, we continue to expect sequential growth quarterly throughout 2026 that will lead obviously to incrementally a more back half-weighted iDose contribution in U.S. glaucoma number.

And then from a corneal health perspective, I alluded to in your first question, but we expect to see modest growth in the first quarter as folks continue to do Photrexa procedures in advance of Epioxa being available. I think we’ll see a fairly material dip in Q2 as we really are in the heart, I’ll call it, of the transition from Photrexa to Epioxa. Those patients are being entered in for the approvals and prior authorizations, but perhaps not treated the clip that we’ll start to see with the J-code as we make our way through Q3. I think Q3 will probably be a bit more of a flattish year-over-year quarter as the J-code comes online, you see some of the patients moving out of the funnel and into treatment towards the latter part of that quarter.

And then obviously, we would imply that as a pretty strong exit in the fourth quarter as the J-code comes online and we start to see a little bit more normalized treatment patterns as we’re exiting the year and heading into next. And if you think about that in the first quarter and the way you said that, I think the U.S. glaucoma business will probably be somewhat flat to Q4 as the non-iDose seasonality headwinds are offset by iDose itself expansion. Cornea, as I mentioned earlier, will probably be modest growth on a year-over-year basis and interventional — not inventional, international glaucoma will see — it’s more normalized. So I think we’ll see the same high single digit to maybe low double-digit growth on a year-over-year basis.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Ryan Zimmerman with BTIG.

Ryan Zimmerman: I’m going to try and do a little lightning round here and see if I can squeeze a few in and they should be easy to answer. But the first one is just around the — how you think about the interplay between the re-administration of existing iDose and TREX and just how to think — how you think about whether there’s a cannibalistic effect there? And then just for clarity, you called out 50% coverage on Epioxa, but I just want to make sure you don’t have 50% covered lives, you’re just in dialog with those payers right now. And I’ll just leave it there for now.

Joseph Gilliam: Okay. Well, I’ll start with the second part of your question, and if Tom can jump on re-administration, he can. So as it relates to the Epioxa coverage, now remember, in rare disease and unmanaged categories, it’s quite common that you won’t have any formal coverage policy. You’re monitoring actual prior authorizations and approvals to therapy over time to determine that you’ve actually got access. That access may come in the form of formal coverage policies and it may come in informal ways just through simple adjudication patterns and be able to have the confidence that patients who seek that therapy are able to get it if they qualify. So we’re ahead of that time. And I think what Tom was saying in the prepared remarks that we’ve engaged in a meaningful way and clinical conversations with payers that represent over 50% of those covered lives.

And as a result, we’ve even got some early positive policy wins. It’s important to remember that cross-linking as the standard of care, we’re — that’s not new, right? We’ve obviously been at that for some time with Photrexa and Epioxa procedure. And so as we move forward here, we certainly expect them to continue to recognize that and provide the access that these patients deserve on a clearly superior therapy in the form of Epioxa. As it relates to re-administration and the interplay between that and TREX, I think — if you’re thinking about that, the question was meant to go from a long-term kind of modeling standpoint, Ryan, clearly, the goal has always been to provide patients and surgeons with as many options as possible. And depending upon the disease severity and where things are at clinically, we certainly expect different surgeons have different algorithms around whether they choose to re-administer a patient with iDose TR or TREX based upon the clinical profile that exists with TREX when we ultimately get it through the FDA process that is there.

And when I think about it from a modeling standpoint, Ryan, part of that is to think about, obviously, there’s a trade-off there potentially on duration. We have to prove that through the clinical trials, and there’s the pricing considerations around a longer-acting therapy as well. And ultimately, I think where we land is most importantly, we’ve now or hopefully with approval of TREX would have multiple options for patients that remain on sustained pharmaceutical therapies for the duration of their life, if you will, with the disease, which the average patient from diagnosis to no longer need the therapy will be in a glaucoma surgeon’s care for over 20 years. So multiple shots to continue to treat these patients, whether it’s with TREX or TR.

Ryan Zimmerman: And Joe, just a follow-up. Are you going to let Alex just spend uncontrollably for this Epioxa launch? And I’m wondering if that’s a subtle way of asking, Alex, kind of what your thoughts are on operating expense spend in ’26 as you prepare for this Epioxa launch. Certainly, it’s going to, I think, be a question around margins and operating profit and so forth, which, frankly, I do have you start to show some profitability in late ’26 despite your ability to kind of spend aggressively here?

Alex Thurman: Well, let me step in before Joe speaks for me, Ryan, and address the 3 questions you asked. So let’s talk about OpEx first and foremost. Our philosophy as a corporation still hasn’t changed from what we experienced in 2025, which is we’re going to continue to balance our capital investments against our revenues such that we’re driving towards cash flow breakeven and potentially some cash flow generation over the course of 2026. And with that in mind, you would expect to see our operating expenses have growth next in 2026. If you think about what does that growth look like? What I would tell you today or what I would guide you to is somewhere in kind of a mid-teens year-over-year growth percentage off our base of [ 42 ] in 2025.

That should put you in the neighborhood of operating expenses around [ 555 to 560 ] in 2026. Now that is still going to show operating leverage in 2026, which is another of our goals as we continue to march forward within the business and what we’re trying to achieve. So that’s kind of where we’re thinking. And again, those are the key things that even though we’re doing this, we have these 2 really key growth drivers that we’re investing in, in Joe’s organization between the iDose launch and the Epioxa launch in that. And then we have what we believe is a best-in-class R&D pipeline that we have to invest in well. And all those things are driving our decisions around our capital allocation.

Joseph Gilliam: And I think there’s no question for all of us, Ryan, that with the Epioxa launch in the recent month when it comes to significant investment in patient access and whether that’s on the hub with the specialty pharmacy, with the DTC investments or all the various things are designed to drive awareness, diagnosis, detection and ultimately, the pull-through of these patients in as fast as time as possible, we’re prepared to make those investments, obviously, within the framework that Alex alluded to.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Larry Biegelsen with Wells Fargo.

Larry Biegelsen: One on iDose, one on Epioxa. So on the iDose on the repeat label — excuse me, how do you think about the percent of de novo patients who will get a second iDose? And how do you think about the potential halo effect of this repeat dosing label to new iDose starts? And I had one follow-up.

Joseph Gilliam: Well, I think, Larry, from a re-administration, we’re going to have to watch that, right, in terms of those patients. I mean certainly, we’ve been actually already seen our first re-administration happen in the OR and it’s driven by the things that you would hope to hear, which is that the patients themselves was seeking that an early patient who was getting into the area where they would potentially benefit from an incremental administration, and they were seeking it because they didn’t want to go back on drops. They appreciate the value, if you will, of having the iDose working for them. And so I think over time, we’ll have to continue to monitor that. But clearly, if you go back to what I said earlier, if the average patient is in the care of a glaucoma specialist or a comprehensive doctor for a little over 20 years with the disease, we expect there to be considerable opportunity for multiple re-administrations within the same patients over time.

And I think that can certainly be a significant part of, I’ll call it, the overall mix, if you will, relative to first-time therapy, certainly, as we get further and further out into the planning period. And I do think that there’s an incremental halo effect because at a baseline, surgeons can confidently have the conversation with patients about interventional glaucoma knowing that they’ve got tools and solutions, including the repeat administration of iDose with those patients to manage their disease that way for hopefully their lifetime.

Larry Biegelsen: That’s helpful. Joe, on Epioxa, can you talk a little bit about how quickly you expect to upgrade accounts to the new capital equipment? And can you put a finer point on when Photrexa is expected to be completely phased out?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. As you heard in the prepared remarks, we’re already well down that path of at least installing the capital equipment required to administer Epioxa and we would expect that journey to continue. I think as Tom mentioned in the remarks, we’ve already installed or are installing capital equipment at locations that would cover over 50% of the lives in the United States. And we’ve got various levels of approval at various systems and providers where we’ll be north of 90% as we make our way through here into the launch. So I think we feel really good about where we’re at in terms of establishing that foundation, if you will, as we move forward. As it relates to Photrexa and the transition, it makes sense, Larry, without getting too specific on dates that with a July 1 J-code, we want to make sure that Photrexa certainly remains available to physicians through that period.

And then as we make our way into and through the third quarter, we’d expect to transition that more fulsomely over to Epioxa.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Allen Gong with JPMorgan.

K. Gong: I just want to start with a quick one on iDose. We’re roughly halfway through the quarter, and you talked about sequential growth throughout the year and starting in first quarter as well. But I guess, fourth quarter had a little bit of onetime dynamic. So it was a little bit weaker than expected. So when we think about sequential growth, how — like what’s the right baseline, I suppose, to be using in fourth quarter to then grow off of the first quarter? Or is that not the right way to think about it?

Joseph Gilliam: Well, I think, Allen, I certainly understand the question. I think that may be getting a little too precise for what we’ll cover on a call like this. I think from our standpoint, overall, we gave the guidance that we gave, I gave the color on the first quarter dynamics and that expectation around iDose. I think we’ve been really pleased with the trending that we’ve seen so far in the quarter with iDose and the continued expansion thereof. And as you may know and may recall, March tends to be a pretty important month in the first quarter. And so we still got that in front of us, but very pleased with what we’ve seen so far as it relates to iDose.

K. Gong: Got it. And then I suppose your installed base, I think we’ve already gotten a few questions on this, but your installed base of Epioxa in H2 is already — it feels like coming a little bit faster than expected. So — and there’s clearly a lot of excitement and even more durability in Photrexa than I think us on the Street were expecting. So how — like why wouldn’t you be able to convert cases over fairly quickly, like just converting the cases you were doing on Photrexa over to Epioxa fairly quickly once you have that J-code?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. I think this is a great question, Allen. So I can confirm that our team has done a terrific job of getting ahead of even what our initial planning was around the I’ll call it the installation and the procurement process associated with the O2n System and really establishing the foundation, if you will, from which we can make that happen. The reason why we talk about the guidance in the context of Q2 and Q3 and the various things that are there, you got to take a step back. First, in the first half, you’ll have a miscellaneous code. That comes with its own set of unique challenges associated with patient access and working your way through. The approval processes can be a bit elongated at times when you’re using the miscellaneous code.

And then once you have the J-code established, there’s the various — you can imagine, payer notifications and things that go alongside of that. The combination of those things alongside of just the early days of the approval process in any rare disease, let alone in this case, Epioxa, means that you’re going to have a fair amount of patient conversation that translates into, I’ll call it, warehousing. It’s not really warehousing. But as they’re going into the approval processes, we certainly expect those approval processes to be much more elongated as they’re trying to go through that because of the miscellaneous code, because of the conversion of J-code, because of what you expect in terms of the initial technical denials and then having to overcome those through appeals and peer to peers and all the things that go alongside of that.

It just means that you’ll probably have a bit of a gap, if you will, from when those initial patient conversations happen to where you start to see, hopefully, a more normalized patient pull-through dynamic in the treated Epioxa eyes.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of David Roman with Goldman Sachs.

David Roman: I was hoping maybe we could dive in a little bit more on iDose utilization. I know you’ve talked about strategically prioritizing iDose stand-alone cases. But maybe can you give us some flavor on how the different categories of utilization here evolve through the course of 2025? What your expectations are for ’26 and any considerations coming out of the November CAC meeting that are either reflected in your outlook or that may be percolating behind the scenes?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes, David, you covered a fair amount of ground in that question. So maybe I’ll start a little bit in reverse as it relates to the CAC meeting and what we do or don’t expect there. I mean I think from — so far, this process is really — it’s really aligned with kind of our expectations as the MACs somewhat understandably want to understand the iDose TR better and a goal that hopefully was achieved during the CAC meeting they had late last year. We’ve not really seen any signs of an LCD. I know there’s considerations around that and continue to believe it will be premature at this stage of the launch. Of course, these things can be unpredictable and sometimes opaque. So it certainly remains possible even if it’s not probable at this point.

And the guidance that we’ve given has multiple different directions we can ultimately achieve that. As it relates to kind of where we saw the trending from 2025 and going into 2026, from a handful of different spots, starting with kind of the MACs. As you can imagine, we continue to see more growth from the MACs where we have established professional fees. So in that sense, Novitas, Noridian, First Coast. We were pleased to see the addition of NGS to that mix in the latter part of last year, and that certainly contributed as we made our way from the third quarter into the fourth and continuing into the early part of this year, we see NGS added benefits. We have continued to see a relative percentage of procedures done where physicians are treating glaucoma at the same time as a cataract procedure increasing, that was expected, given we’ve already changed the standard of care for those patients over a prolonged period of time.

And as we enter into 2026, I think the expectations should be kind of going back to those same things that we knock down the remaining MACs. I think at this point, I can confidently say that we’re the closest with Palmetto. I think we’re on the doorstep there and hope to see that in the coming days, if not weeks. And we certainly are making a lot of progress since the beginning of the year with them as well as with WPS and CGS. And then I think I’ve mentioned this before, but the other big initiative for us in 2026 is really focused on driving increasing utilization in that broader patient population that’s also represented by commercially covered lives as well as Medicare Advantage.

David Roman: That’s very helpful. And then maybe just a follow-up as you kind of think about the shape of ’26. I know a few others have asked this, but you went down the path of introducing ’26 guidance earlier than you normally do in November. And I think that was probably in anticipation of how we might perceive the pricing impact in Epioxa and trying to keep numbers at a reasonable place. But maybe you could — just help us think about when you introduce that guidance to now and as you kind of sit here a few months later, what, if anything has changed? And where do you have more confidence or where do you see risks that you want to make sure we reflect in the outlook?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. I think it’s a great question. I mean first, when we introduced it, you’re correct. I mean with the pronounced change and how we thought about both the pricing dynamics as well as all the considerations around the market access element of the transition from Photrexa to Epioxa, we did want to make sure that folks didn’t mistranslate that and get ahead of us in the context of the way we think it will actually play out on the ground as we make our way through 2026. I think since that time, pretty much across the board, things have probably played out somewhat favorably. But as you can imagine, even inherent in the question, a lot of the things that we’re talking about are later in 2026. And so whether it’s the continued sequential growth and getting a feel for how that continues to play out in iDose TR or as we’ve talked a fair amount about the Epioxa dynamics, which are really largely weighted towards the second half and even the fourth quarter, it was premature despite, call it, the positive underlying fundamentals of the site of care network for Epioxa or the payer progress or even the trends that we’ve been seeing with iDose, I think to make any adjustments to our guidance at this early stage.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Richard Newitter with Truist.

Richard Newitter: Two for me. I’m just curious, are you factoring in re-administration at all in the sequential improvement and the color that you gave on U.S. glaucoma and we can all back into the iDose number. It sounds like you’re pretty comfortable with where the consensus is based on your comments. So that’s the first question. What, if anything, for re-administration is even factored in there? And I’ll just ask my second one. When you talk about co-pay assistance or market access programs that you’re investing in, can you elaborate a little bit more on what exactly you’re doing with the specialty pharmacy access to make adoption more fluid for payers and patients or providers and patients? And are you also talking about your ability to move things through the denial process? Does that denial process go away once you have the J-code in place, now it’s a drug?

Joseph Gilliam: Sure. Richard, I think I took all that down. But if I did miss something, you could circle back. I think it’s fair to say that re-administration was not a material consideration as we thought about the guidance. Certainly, as we set it back in November and then as we’ve affirmed it here, we — sitting here today, given my earlier comments, we would expect there to be some re-administration as we make our way through the year. And some of those very early patients get into the window where re-administration becomes a viable option. I think re-administration becomes a much more material contributor to how we think about the business in 2027, 2028 and beyond than it is something that we’re thinking about in 2026.

And inherent in your question then from an iDose standpoint, I’ll say it again, there are multiple different directions for us to try to achieve the numbers we put out. And in the context of both the existing MACs that we’ve got professional fees established today, the incremental professional fees that we expect to have on schedule, if you will, from the remaining 3 MACs that represent another 30% of the covered lives out there or our initiatives that we’re certainly investing a lot more in on the commercial and Medicare Advantage side. Each of those, I think, drive the confidence in the commentary, both around the overall guidance as well as the sequential improvement that we expect. Now on Epioxa, and I’ll call it the investments we’re making both to drive or optimize patient access as well as turnaround time, I guess the best way you could say it on some of the support elements is there are always, from a service provider standpoint, good, better, best type programs.

And when you launch a rare disease, you clearly have to invest in the “best.” The best from a hub standpoint, the best level of service from a specialty pharmacy standpoint, incentivize maximizing access and driving the most experienced professionals within those organizations and the turnaround times associated with them. I think we’ve been on record of saying from a co-pay assistant that we’ll have a $0 co-pay program for commercially covered lives that you hope that in the vast majority of cases, patients can qualify for that to make sure that that’s not an impediment to access. And again, really all of these things as well as our broader efforts that we’ll have on DTC, provider and patient education are all meant to be a substantial increase in the investment we’re making to drive the awareness and the detection and then ultimately, the treatment turnaround time for those patients who are afflicted with this disease.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Mason Carrico with Stephens.

Mason Carrico: Could you quantify the number of sites that have received the equipment to perform Epioxa procedures or the numbers that they have committed to it? I know that you called out the O2 System had been deployed to locations covering something like 40% of the population. But — should we be interpreting that as a single Epioxa site now covering a much larger geographic area than the average Photrexa site?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. Mason, I think I’ll probably start short of giving the specific numbers around the site and the various things and simply say that when you look at it, to your example, if you have a site within the Atlanta metro area, for example, that’s designed to cover that patient population. And again, that’s not uncommon. So when you think about the launch, you want to make sure that you’ve got the providers who are the best at going through the process we’re about to that are committed to the care and are willing to go through the payer hurdles, if you will, and make sure that they’re being properly educated. So you focus your efforts on those while trying to make sure that you’ve got the geographic reach that you need.

And then over time, you start to supplement that to make sure, again, that patients don’t have to wait an unnecessarily long period of time to get access to care. And so I would expect — and we’re happy with where we’re at for the initial launch. The Wave 1 customers, you heard Tom reference earlier are Wave 1 for a reason. And then ultimately, over the coming months, quarters and years, we’ll continue to expand that network out and be offering more and more sites within a particular geography to make sure that we’re getting the access to those patients.

Mason Carrico: Got it. And then on the coverage front, I think you said you’re in conversations with 4 of the 5 top commercial payers. Do you believe that you could realistically have a positive coverage decision from one or more of those in 2026? Do you guys have an internal target for the number of covered lives that you could have by year-end?

Joseph Gilliam: Mason, I think I would take a step back to what I was saying earlier, we’ll see whether or not we have a positive coverage determinations like policy and a variety of other things that helped expedite patient access in 2026 whether it’s with those top payers or others that are out there. The thing that we’re watching most closely as we launch, is that patients are able to work their way through the approval process, the prior authorization process with each of these payers and the broader network of payers that are out there, such that we’re able to confidently believe that we’ve got access a pathway for the vast, vast majority of patients. That’s the initial goal. From there, you start to focus more and more on optimization, whether or not they’re getting that access through the pharmacy benefit or the medical benefit, whether they’re getting that through on the initial prior authorization or through the appeal process and ultimately whether or not they’re achieving that access through an established positive policy that provides the cleanest and clearest pathway for them to get access to the drug.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of David Saxon with Needham.

David Saxon: Maybe 2 on the glaucoma business. First, on iDose. You talked about commercial cases. So what are you hearing in terms of doctors starting to really get into that patient population? I mean is it kind of more of a trickle? Or are you seeing that build? And then the second question is just on the iStent franchise. You talked about flat growth expectations for the year. I think it was — I mean is that just because of how you’re incentivizing the reps, obviously, iDose is the focus right now. But what’s the view there? Is that more of a market dynamic or anything around competitive dynamics?

Joseph Gilliam: Yes, David, I think — so first, as it relates to the commercial, and I lump them in with Medicare Advantage because obviously, those are shepherded by commercial carriers. It’s very provider specific. So in those geographies where we’ve obviously had the proper Medicare fee-for-service coverage for a while, we’re starting to see providers turn on where they’re offering it to a wider swath of patients. And for those that are good at it, we’re seeing them do that in a more fulsome way. Our efforts in 2026 are to really try to expand that in a much more significant and profound way as we make our way through the year. I think about in kind of 3, call it, key pillars. We’ve been talking a fair amount about payer access on the Epioxa side.

It’s obviously relevant on the iDose side as well. The good news is the foundation here is pretty strong. We’ve seen successful authorization for therapy and the payment of both the J and the T code from payers that cover the majority of patient lives including 4 of the 5 in that case as well, largest payers on the Medicare Advantage side. So I think we’ve got a pretty solid foundation on which to expand in terms of the payer side. The second is process optimization. It’s going to get sound fairly familiar when we’re talking about Epioxa but it’s been driving the entire ecosystem from our iDose Hub, our iDose SP providers to the payers and the accounts themselves to reduce the barriers and increase the patient access and optimize the time treatment for patients on that side of the house.

And then the last thing, which we talked about, not in a while, but the patient economics. Similarly, we have established programs to support commercially insured patients where most of them should pay as little as $0 out of pocket. And then for MA patients, I think from the very early days of the launch, we’ve said that the data suggests that about 20% of those patients have no–to-low out-of-pockets in terms of plan designs and then access tends to increase from there throughout the year as patients meet those out-of-pocket requirements on other procedures. So I think we’re still in the early innings, but we are seeing obviously encouraging signs on a provider-by-provider basis that we hope to expand as we make our way through 2026. As it relates to the iStent franchise, so it’s interesting.

Obviously, implied when you go back and have done the work on the fourth quarter results, you’ll probably see or have seen that we actually were back into the growth equation for our non-iDose portion of our U.S. glaucoma business. And we talked about the trend heading this direction before. And so we were encouraged by the third quarter in that regard. But I think it’s a little too early to call it a trend. And really, it is a large part about, I think, the first part of how you asked the question, which is there’s a lot of rep incentive and focus and company incentive and focus around interventional glaucoma and iDose in particular. And so we’ll have to see a couple of more quarters to determine whether what we saw in the fourth quarter was a trend or an anomaly as it relates to that.

And as a result, I think we’ve said for a little while now, it’s safer to just assume that the iStent or broader non-iDose franchise remains flat on a year-over-year basis when assessing our 2026 guidance.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Danielle Antalffy with UBS.

Danielle Antalffy: Sorry about that. Forgot how to use the mute button. Just a follow-up on some of the questions around iDose and stand-alone use. I’m just curious, if you look at the business as a whole, so iDose plus iStent infinite, what are you seeing there as far as the shift to stand-alone use? And at a higher level, maybe talk about some of the market development lift that’s necessary to really build that market and what you’re seeing? I know it’s early days, but I was at AAO and I felt like there was a big focus on this. So I’m just curious what you can say there.

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. Thanks, Danielle. I’m glad you were able to witness that. And I think you’ll continue to see more and more of that, whether it’s at the upcoming AGS meeting here later this week or ASCRS, a short while later. And I’ll probably start in reverse that it is a significant investment. We’ve been at this since the approval of iDose really in making that happen. It’s not our first time going through transforming a marketplace. Obviously, we did it successfully over the course of the last decade for those patients that were faced with the disease in combination with cataract surgery. And it really is a combination of incentive for your sales force alongside of the marketing efforts that we’re making, the medical affairs efforts that we’re making, the publications and the like.

And when you put all that together and really build upon, I think, the enthusiasm that surgeons have out there for a disease that they know is interventional, is asymptomatic and slowly progressing. And there’s a really large patient population in need for a variety of reasons. It’s about being on that journey on a consistent basis at industry conferences and all of the moments in between that we engage with those surgeons and really changing the actual practice dynamics and shifting towards the stand-alone treatment of these patients and aligning both the behaviors at the practice level with the clinical belief that exists in the vast majority of the physicians that I’m sure you’re speaking to or have spoken with in the past. And when we put all that together, we continue to see substantial growth from stand-alone procedures, whether that be iDose or iStent infinite.

And it’s not a big surprise given everything I’ve mentioned as well as the fact that you have a market that’s 20 billion eyes, 12 million of which are actively diagnosed and treated. And so you’ve probably heard us say and certainly, Tom say at other conferences and the like that over time, we expect that a number of glaucoma procedures done in the United States will exceed the number of cataract surgery patients that are treated. It will take time, but that’s ultimately our focus and the reason why we’re making such a substantial investment to the benefit of those patients.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Joanne Wuensch with Citibank.

Joanne Wuensch: I have some money in no order, are you seeing physicians creating a wait list for Epioxa? Would that imply a stronger second half once the J-code is supplied or put it into place versus the first half. Could you see 2027 greater than 2026? And if I do my math correctly, iDose guidance is $225 million for the year. What makes that the right number?

Joseph Gilliam: Do you mind repeating that? You cut out a little bit on the 2027 versus 2026 part of your question?

Joanne Wuensch: Do you think revenue in 2027 growth rate will be faster than 2026, given the momentum of Epioxa?

Joseph Gilliam: Okay. So I’ll try to go through those in the word that you asked them. So from an Epioxa perspective, we are starting to see — I’ll give you an example. We certainly were seeing patients be enrolled in our hub for approval to Epioxa. So inherently in that means that a waitlist is being created. I don’t know that it’s enough to “impact” our first quarter. I think there’ll still be enough of Photrexa there, as I said earlier, to drive year-over-year growth. But we do expect that wait listing dynamic, if you will, to be much more material in the second quarter to the detriment of that for the cornea business and probably the benefit of the latter part of the year. Certainly, the fourth quarter perhaps in the tail end of the third quarter as those patients start to get approvals and access the therapy and ultimately treated.

So we absolutely expect the second half to be the key contributor to those results. And as we learn more about that, we’ll obviously dial in our expectations in a much more meaningful way. As we think about 2027 versus 2026, yes, I probably will stop short of giving at this 2027 guidance implied by the comment. But clearly, you’ve heard from us that the combination, the 1:2, if you will, continued acceleration with iDose alongside of what we hope will be a meaningful acceleration with Epioxa makes not just 2026 an attractive year, but 2027 and beyond as we look out and think about what it could do in terms of driving our business and the top line associated with it. I think your last comment was the implied and we didn’t give the exact number.

But as you get into the numbers, I think there’ll be a range of estimates that come in, in that general ZIP code and what makes it the right number. Look, we’re always looking at a bell curve of scenarios, the various puts and takes within these and trying to establish guidance both on a macro level as well as on a more micro level that we think is achievable for us. And in this case, as I’ve said previously, I think we’ve got multiple pathways to both grow and continue to grow sequentially as well as achieve that. And as we make our way through the year, we’ll continue obviously to update those views and provide them as we go forward here.

Operator: Your next question comes from the line of Steve Lichtman with William Blair.

Steven Lichtman: A question on iDose. Can you give us a sense of how many surgeons you trained last year and to date or even qualitatively, can you talk about where you are in that process? Still early to mid-innings? Any color on that would be helpful.

Joseph Gilliam: Yes, Steve , welcome to William Blair. And I think from a surgeon training perspective, it’s not really been a focus for us in terms of what we communicated Street, and that’s my intention that, that’s really not the, I’ll call it, gating or limiting item for us. Our surgeon training activities have been as strong as they’ve ever been. The vast, vast majority of the surgeons have already been angle trained over the course of the last 10 years of utilizing MIGS technologies. So from a sustained pharmaceutical standpoint, we’re good there. And it’s really not been, I’ll call it, the step function that’s driving where we’re at. I think broader office administrative related considerations, reimbursement, confidence, professional fee.

And then as we move forward here, bringing commercial Medicare Advantage online are much more key drivers to where we’re at and where we’re going. But so far, we’ve been extremely pleased with the pace and the overall ability for our sales force to train these doctors in the OR and get them comfortable with the iDose procedure.

Steven Lichtman: That makes sense. And then just secondly, I wanted to actually ask about international glaucoma. It came in above initial expectations last year despite competitive dynamics you flagged going into ’25. Do you think there was a delay in some of the competitive headwinds that we could see this year? And that’s what’s embedded in your ’26 thoughts or just staying on the conservative side? Because it would seem like infinite could be a nice catalyst there.

Joseph Gilliam: Yes. And I think it is a balance, and we’ll see how it plays out over the course of 2026. You have competitive entrants, in particular, in some of our larger markets. In 2025, it did go a little bit more slowly than maybe we anticipated or certainly built into our forecast. And that’s the credit to our teams that operate in those markets and the relationships they’ve built and I think the differentiated positioning of our technologies. As we move forward, we do expect those efforts to continue to accelerate. But to your point, they’re also balanced against our launch and launching of iStent infinite throughout the European region, some of the affiliated markets that follow European approvals or clearances as well as continued sort of blocking and tackling that we have around opening up markets or markets within markets and that journey never stops.

So I think as we make our way through here, it will be that interplay, you’re right. And coming off of constant currency growth in the fourth quarter of 13%, and as you heard me say earlier, we expect sort of high single digit to low double digit in the first part of the year, ultimately abating to something a little bit slower in the second half to be in the high single-digit range for the year, I think, is a good place for us to start off the year as it relates to our guidance for that part of our business.

Operator: That concludes our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to the company for closing remarks.

Thomas Burns: Okay. I want to thank you all for your time and attention today. And thanks again for your continued interest and support of Glaukos. Goodbye.

Operator: Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today’s call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.

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