(CI)
(CI)
Alexis Jones - Investor Relations Lead Principal
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Robert Jones - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
Ralph Giacobbe - Citigroup - Analyst
Justin Lake - Wolfe Research - Analyst
George Hill - Deutsche Bank - Analyst
A.J. Rice - Credit Suisse - Analyst
Kevin Fischbeck - Bank of America - Analyst
Lisa Gill - J.P. Morgan - Analyst
Joshua Raskin - Nephron Research - Analyst
Scott Fidel - Stephens Inc. - Analyst
Matthew Borsch - BMO Capital Markets - Analyst
Ricky Goldwasser - Morgan Stanley - Analyst
Steven Valiquette - Barclays - Analyst
David Windley - Jefferies LLC - Analyst
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by for Cigna's First Quarter 2021 Results Review. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, this conference, including the Q&A session is being recorded.
We'll begin by turning the conference over to Ms. Alexis Jones. Please go ahead, Ms. Jones.
Alexis Jones - Investor Relations Lead Principal
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining today's call. I am Alexis Jones, Lead Principal for Investor Relations. With me on the line this morning are: David Cordani, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Brian Evanko, Cigna's Chief Financial Officer. In our remarks today, David and Brian will cover a number of topics, including Cigna's first quarter 2021 financial results, as well as an update on our financial outlook for 2021.
As noted in our earnings release, when describing our financial results, Cigna uses certain financial measures, adjusted income from operations and adjusted revenues, which are not determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, otherwise known as GAAP. A reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, shareholders net income and total revenues, respectively, is contained in today's earnings release, which is posted in the Investor Relations section of cigna.com. We use the term labeled adjusted income from operations and adjusted earnings per share on the same basis as our principal measures of financial performance.
In our remarks today, we'll be making some forward-looking statements, including statements regarding our outlook for 2021 and future performance. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations. A description of these risks and uncertainties is contained in the cautionary note to today's earnings release and in our most recent reports filed with the SEC.
Before turning the call over to David, I will cover a few items pertaining to our financial results and disclosures. Regarding our results, in the first quarter, we recorded an after-tax special item charge of $101 million, or $0.29 per share related to debt extinguishment cost incurred during the period, as well as an after-tax special item charge of $22 million, or $0.06 per share for integration and transaction-related costs. We also recorded an after-tax special item benefit of $21 million, or $0.06 per share related to charges associated with litigation matters. As described in today's earnings release, special items are excluded from adjusted income from operations and adjusted revenues in our discussion of financial results.
As previously noted, as a result of the sale of the Group Disability and Life business, in our first quarter earnings release and quarterly financial supplement, Corporate and Other Operations combines the results previously reported as Corporate and the segment previously reported as Group Disability and Other. In our securities filings, the segment previously reported as Group Disability and Other is now reported as Other Operations.
Additionally, please note that when we make prospective comments regarding financial performance, including our full-year 2021 outlook, we will do so on a basis that includes the potential impact of future share repurchases and anticipated 2021 dividends, and excludes the impact of any business combinations or divestitures that may occur after today, such as our recently announced planned divestiture, the Texas Medicaid business, which we expect to close in the second half of 2021.
With that, I will turn the call over to David.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Alexis. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us on our call today. Now, today as we meet, our environment remains highly dynamic with COVID-19 continue to affect the world, our industry and our economy. At Cigna, this rapidly changing landscape has only reinforced the tremendous responsibility we have to improve the health, well-being and peace of mind of those we serve. This remains the primary focus that drives our 70,000 coworkers each and every day, and it's the reason we work to continue to deliver for our customers, clients, patients, partners and our communities, all while delivering strong financial results for you, our shareholders.
During the first quarter, we delivered adjusted revenue of $41 billion, and adjusted EPS of $4.73 per share. We also deployed significant capital to our investors through share repurchase and the payment of a meaningful quarterly dividend, reinforcing the strength of our capital-light framework.
Building on our conversation from several weeks ago at our Investor Day, today, I'm going to talk more about how we are continue to navigate through the current environment to balance and meet the needs of all of our stakeholders, our ability to consistently deliver strong results by executing on our growth framework and the confidence we have in achieving our increased outlook by delivering differentiated and sustained growth for the long-term. Then Brian will share more details about our first quarter results and our 2021 outlook, and after that we'll take your questions.
Since we last met at our Investor Day in March, the macro landscape remains fluid. In the US, proposed legislation, as well as regulation and executive actions seek [Phonetic] to expand, extend and further support both public and private programs. Globally, social and political tensions remain high as COVID-19, with its multiple variants, continue to take a toll on a number of countries, such as India, where cases have again dramatically spiked. All of these forces are shaping healthcare and influencing the political and economic landscape around the world. At Cigna, we are navigating through this environment by continuing to innovate for and support our stakeholders with COVID-19 services, while also executing on our strategy to make healthcare more affordable, predictable and simple.
For US commercial customers, we are ensuring they get the preventative care they need, including mammographies, colonoscopies, cervical cancer screenings and childhood [Phonetic] immunizations, which today are consistent with pre-pandemic levels, reflecting the continued strength of our clinical programs and proven engagement capabilities. Within Evernorth, for those customers served by Express Scripts home delivery, we delivered further improvements in medication adherence for people with diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. At the same time, we're also supporting the mental well-being of our customers. We are doing this through our own best-in-class capabilities, where, for example, we engage with oncology patients with comorbidities by spending an average of $2,000 on their behavioral healthcare, we can save an average of $20,000 in avoidable costs. And as we innovate and leverage our strategic partnerships, including, for example, with Ginger through Cigna Ventures, which provides industry-leading on-demand 24/7 behavioral health coaching, further extending our behavioral health access for the benefit of our customers.
We're also leveraging data and actionable intelligence to understand the most common long-term complications of COVID-19 infection. Then building predictive models to determine who is at greatest risk of becoming a COVID long-hauler, so we can quickly provide targeted case management and behavioral health services, as well as other resources to help our customers regain their health.
For our clients, we are serving as a trusted partner by supplying additional physical and behavioral health assistance to aid the recovery for employees who are impacted by COVID-19, by helping employers build their own communities of immunity by assisting them in launching vaccination clinics. And we're leveraging our data and analytics to help employers determine when and how it is safe for employees to return to work.
For our provider partners, we are working to guide people to the most effective sites of care and further closing gaps in care with our clinical teams and our virtual capabilities.
For coworkers, we're supporting them in this highly disrupted environment by, for example, providing $200 incentive for coworkers who choose to become vaccinated for COVID-19, and continuing to offer expanded leave capabilities with our Emergency Time Off program to provide flexibility necessitated by the current conditions.
And finally, for our communities, we're taking steps to address social determinants of health. For example, we all know the alarming statistics on the disproportionate impact that COVID-19 has had on communities of color. As part of our S.A.F.E initiative, we brought additional underground resources to target communities by launching COVID-19 awareness campaigns, distributing PP&E kits, dispatching our health improvement mobile resources to help to administer free flu shots and provide healthy meal, as well as other support. Similarly, we are leaning into fight breast cancer with disparities, for example, amongst black women remains startling. To help to address this disparity gap, we again went directly into communities starting in Tennessee, for example, where we collaborated with local partners to offer mobile mammography vans at churches and at other local neighborhood locations.
At Cigna, balancing the needs of our stakeholders is deeply rooted in our corporate purpose. We constantly challenge ourselves by asking the basic question what more could we do? To help us stay focus on delivering each and every day for the benefit of our customers, our clients, patients, and our partners. Against this backdrop, the strength of our foundation propels us forward and guides our growth. As we shared with you at our Investor Day, through our three growth platforms: Evernorth, U.S. Medical and International markets, we are well positioned to leverage the three trends we see shaping healthcare into the future, specifically pharmacological innovations, the rising demand for coordinated mental and physical health services, and the changing preferences as it relate to access the care models. And through our proven framework, we are able to drive attractive, sustained growth by delivering differentiated value within our portfolio of integrated, coordinated and point solutions, continuing to work the partner and innovate and working to expand our addressable markets. As a result, we're off to a strong start in 2021 with strong fundamental execution and the strategic and capital flexibility to further our momentum into the future.
During the first quarter, Evernorth continue to build on its differentiated and steady performances it has had delivered throughout the pandemic, by evolving the healthcare experience for our customers and clients through continuous innovation and by building, investing and strengthening our strategic partnerships. For example, in January, we further expanded our partnership with Prime Therapeutics by leveraging our home delivery and Accredo specialty pharmacy to drive greater values and delivering on our promise to make healthcare more affordable. We're also advancing our strategic capabilities with our MDLIVE acquisition, which closed last month. This acquisition will expand Evernorth care's ability to further broaden access, lower cost of care and strategically position us to grow in the rapidly changing access to care environment.
At the same time, Evernorth pharmacy is also driving affordability improvement. One example is our Patient Assurance program, which caps the cost of prescriptions for patients with diabetes. During the quarter, the number of patients in this program increased by 64% and the value patients delivered from this program is on track to more than double what we achieved last year.
Turning to our U.S. Medical platform, we see bright spots in growth in our US commercial portfolio. For example, we continue to take share in the Select segment, which includes employers with 51 to 500 employees, as clients continue to value our integrated, aligned, self-funded medical pharmacy behavioral and stop loss programs. And more broadly, we're driving value by bringing differentiated offerings to market, fueled by innovations and advancements, we are accessing from our Evernorth capabilities, particularly in areas of pharmacy services and behavioral health.
Through our willing to strategically partner with innovative companies like Oscar, we're also well positioned to take advantage of market growth opportunities in the small employer market, a market we view is currently being underserved. As a result, we expect to see an uptick in growth in our US commercial platform during the residual part of this year. Additionally, one important impact of the pandemic is that businesses have expanded access to support services for their employees, by acting as a trusted source of information and providing an extended range of benefits to support whole person health, as more and more employers recognize the critical link between mental and physical health.
In the wake of COVID-19 more employers are also recognizing the connection between healthy workers, higher productivity and a growing economy. In fact, the National Bureau of Economic Research found that in the US, we benefited by $1.5 trillion of value by having employers play a major role in healthcare. This reinforces the critical role our US healthcare business plays as an important partner to employers and providing access to quality, affordable care for the benefit of their employees.
Turning to our US Government business, we are driving strong year-over-year customer growth by continuing to expand our addressable markets. The number of Medicare Advantage customers increased by 11% year-over-year, reflecting the ongoing execution of our strategy, as well as our sustained strong star performance. And the number of customers in our Individual and Family Planning [Phonetic] business grew by 17% year-over-year, driven by our geographic expansion and the introduction of new plans that provide expanded coverage for maintenance drugs to further improve affordability for customers with certain chronic conditions.
And in our International Markets business, we are focused on actively supporting our coworkers, customers and partners around the world who continue to be impacted by COVID-19. For example, in India, our Foundation is providing financial support through UNICEF to meet the critical needs on the ground, including additional rapid testing capabilities and expanded access to vaccines. And we're providing Matching Gifts from the Cigna Foundation to our coworkers who donate to charities in India. Staying true to our mission is not only the right thing to do, it reinforces to our clients, our customers and our patients, our commitment to make a difference in the moments that matter most.
Our purpose-driven orientation, together with our strategic flexibility created by our service-based model and our capitalized framework that generates significant cash flow from operations, as well as our track record of strong financial performance where we delivered a 15% adjusted EPS compounded growth rate over the last decade, all give us confidence, we will continue to sustainably grow in both the short-term and the long-term in this dynamic environment.
Now, taking into account the strength of our first quarter results, we expect our full-year adjusted EPS to be at least $20.20 in 2021 and we remain confident in our ability to deliver our long-term targets of average annual adjusted revenue growth of 6% to 8%, average annual adjusted EPS growth of 10% to 13% and continue to pay an attractive dividend while delivering cumulative operating cash flow growth of $50 billion through 2025.
Now, to briefly summarize. We delivered strong first quarter results by executing our growth framework, while harnessing our capital strength to deploy meaningful capital for the benefit of our shareholders, we're investing in our business and leveraging our strategic flexibility to continue to innovate and adapt, all of which sets us up for a sustained long-term success. We remain confident in our ability to continue to grow as we focus our efforts to make healthcare more affordable, predictable and simple each and every day.
Now, with that, I'll turn the call over to Brian.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, David. Good morning, everyone. Today, I'll review key aspects of Cigna's first quarter results, including the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our business, and I'll discuss our updated outlook for the full-year. Key consolidated financial highlights for first quarter 2021, include adjusted revenue of $41 billion, adjusted earnings of $1.7 billion after-tax and adjusted earnings per share were $4.73. Results in the first quarter reflects strong top line growth with contributions across our businesses, and first quarter earnings came in somewhat ahead of our expectations. The favorable first quarter earnings were primarily driven by strong Evernorth performance, favorable net investment income and favorable prior year medical cost development, partially offset by non-recurring operating expenses. Our results reflect our ability to deliver in a dynamic, rapidly evolving environment, including navigating the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Regarding our segments, I'll first comment on Evernorth. First quarter 2021 adjusted revenues grew to $30.6 billion and adjusted pre-tax earnings grew to $1.2 billion. Evernorth's strong results in the quarter were driven by effective execution of supply chain initiatives, continued strong performance in Accredo, our industry-leading specialty pharmacy, and organic growth of our services with deepening partnerships, all while continuing to invest for ongoing growth. Our adjusted pharmacy script volume was $393 million during the quarter, a 9% increase over first quarter 2020. Overall, Evernorth continued its positive momentum and delivered another strong quarter of financial results.
Turning to U.S. Medical, we entered the year expecting to see the majority of COVID-19 testing and treatment cost pressure in the U.S. Medical segment in the first half of 2021, particularly in the first quarter. As we progressed throughout the first quarter, we saw COVID-19 case counts and hospitalizations declined more rapidly than we originally anticipated. Additionally, as COVID-19 cases decelerated, we saw an increase in non-COVID utilization. Importantly, throughout all of this, we continue to see key components of preventive care utilize the pre-pandemic levels for our US commercial customers. Taken as a whole, and excluding prior year medical cost development, our first quarter medical care ratio was in line with our expectations.
With that as context, I'll now comment specifically on first quarter financial results for the U.S. Medical segment. First quarter adjusted revenues were $10.4 billion and adjusted pre-tax earnings were $987 million. Our first quarter U.S. Medical earnings were slightly ahead of our expectations, primarily driven by favorable net investment income and prior-year medical cost development, partially offset by non-recurring operating expenses. Excluding these one-time factors, our U.S. Medical earnings were in line with our expectations.
Turning to membership, we ended the quarter with 16.7 million total medical customers, an increase of 30,000 customers sequentially. As expected, US commercial customer volume declined sequentially due to disenrollment throughout the first quarter, partially offset by new sales in the Select segment. And our U.S. Government businesses performed well throughout the annual open enrollment periods. Overall, results for Cigna's U.S. Medical segment reflect strong fundamentals.
In our International Markets business, first quarter adjusted revenues were $1.6 billion and adjusted pre-tax earnings were $262 million, reflecting business growth, favorable net investment income, and foreign currency movements, offset by higher claims costs during the period. I would also note that a refinement to the accounting for acquisition costs led to a one-time favorable benefit in the first quarter of 2020 that did not recur in the current period.
Corporate and Other operations reflects a first quarter adjusted loss of $330 million. These results reflect lower interest expense due to lower levels of outstanding debt, offset by the absence of contributions from the Group Disability and Life business, which was divested on December 31, 2020. Overall, as a result of strong execution in a dynamic environment, we continue to deliver value for all of our stakeholders and strong financial results across our businesses.
Now, looking forward to our outlook for full-year 2021. As we look to the balance of the year, we expect continued strong execution across our growth platforms and we expect to make continued meaningful investments in our businesses that are responsive to the forces changing healthcare, positioning us for continued long-term growth. Taken as a whole, we are raising our prior guidance for full-year 2021. We now expect consolidated adjusted revenues of at least $166 billion, representing growth of approximately 7% after adjusting for the divestiture of our Group Disability and Life business. We now expect full-year 2021 consolidated adjusted income from operations to be at least $7 billion, or at least $20.20 per share. Within our outlook, we continue to expect a full-year COVID-19-related headwind of approximately $1.25 per share, primarily within our U.S. Medical business. And we continue to project an expense ratio in the range of 7.5% to 8%.
I'll now discuss our 2021 outlook for our segments. For Evernorth, we now expect full-year 2021 adjusted earnings of at least $5.65 billion, which represents year-over-year growth of at least 5%. This outlook reflects ongoing investments in our Evernorth portfolio, including investments in Care Solutions and MDLIVE, as we continue to see significant opportunity to bring new innovative solutions to market.
For U.S. Medical, we continue to expect full-year 2021 adjusted earnings of at least $3.8 billion. This outlook reflects focused execution in our businesses as we expect to drive organic customer growth and deepening of customer relationships. We expect direct COVID-19-related testing and treatment to decline throughout the balance of the year and also anticipate more normalized non-COVID utilization. And with the strength of the U.S. Medical first quarter results, we will further accelerate strategic investments to support future growth, thus leaving our full-year earnings outlook for U.S. Medical unchanged.
Regarding total medical customers, we now expect 2021 growth of at least 350,000 customers. This includes organic growth throughout the remainder of the year in our commercial business, led by the middle market in Select segments, partially offset by disenrollment in national accounts. We also expect Medicare Advantage customer growth in our target average annual growth range of 10% to 15%, and we expect continued growth in our Individual business.
Turning to medical costs, we continue to expect the 2021 medical care ratio to be in the range of 81% to 82%, reflecting the impacts in 2021 of elevated medical costs, including the impact of direct COVID-19-related costs and more normalized non-COVID utilization and the repeal of the health insurance tax, effective for 2021, all while we continue to deliver strong clinical quality and overall affordability for our clients and customers. We also expect continued growth and strong margins in International Markets. All-in, for full-year 2021, we now expect consolidated adjusted income from operations of at least $7 billion, or at least $20.20 per share. Overall, these expected results reflect the differentiated value, strength, and strategic positioning of our businesses as we delivered growth while navigating the impacts associated with COVID-19.
Now, moving to our 2021 capital management position and outlook. We expect our businesses to continue to drive exceptional cash flow with strong returns on capital, even as we continue reinvesting to support long-term growth and innovation. For 2021, we continue to expect at least $7.5 billion of cash flow from operations, reflecting the strong capital efficiency of our well-performing businesses. During the quarter, we met our previously stated share repurchase expectations. And year-to-date as of May 6, 2021, we have repurchased 14.4 million shares for $3.2 billion. And we now expect full-year 2021 weighted average shares of 346 million to 348 million shares.
We ended first quarter 2021 with a debt-to-capitalization ratio of 39.9% in line with our long-term target of approximately 40%. We had $2.5 billion of cash available with the parent at the end of the quarter. And on April 28, we declared a $1 per share dividend payable on June 23 to shareholders of record as of June 8. Our balance sheet and cash flow outlook remained strong, benefiting from our highly efficient, service-based orientation that drives strategic flexibility, strong margins, and attractive returns on capital.
So now to recap. Results in the first quarter reflect strong top line growth with contributions across our businesses and first quarter earnings came in somewhat ahead of our expectations. These favorable first quarter earnings were primarily driven by strong Evernorth performance, favorable net investment income, and favorable prior-year medical cost development, partially offset by non-recurring operating expenses. Our strong results give us confidence in our increased outlook for full-year 2021, all while continuing to support our customers, clients, and coworkers. As such, we now expect 2021 full-year adjusted EPS of at least $20.20 per share and have continued confidence in our long-term growth targets.
And with that, we'll turn it over to the operator for the Q&A portion of the call.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Mr. Robert Jones with Goldman Sachs. Go ahead with your question, sir.
Robert Jones - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
Great. Thanks for taking the question. Maybe just on the PBM, the segment grew pre-tax income 13% year-over-year and I think this is the quarter where you were actually lapping some benefits from COVID pull forward last year. So, just wanted to see if there's anything you'd call out further within the PBM in the quarter? And then relatedly, if I look at the guidance from this point forward, it does seem to imply for the remaining three quarters, kind of mid-single-digit growth - income growth within the PBM. So, curious if you have a line of sight into what might cause a deceleration from the strong performance in the first quarter? Thanks.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Bob. It's Brian. So, thanks for the question. And, yeah, we're really pleased with the strong start to the year in Evernorth, which, as I mentioned in my comments, gives us the confidence to increase the full-year guidance to at least $5.65 billion of operating income. Quarter-to-quarter, there will be some level of variability in this segment. So, I would encourage you not to overreact to the singular quarter that we had here, but certainly, pleased with 13% quarter-over-quarter earnings growth.
I would remind you that our Prime Therapeutics partnership launched April 1, 2020, so the base period last year in the first quarter did not have contributions from Prime Therapeutics. So that was a bit of a benefit to this quarter, that will not recur to the same degree for the balance of the year. So, to your point on the operating income growth appearing to slow to some degree later in the year, that's one contribution that you should keep in mind. Additionally, we continue to invest aggressively in Evernorth to expand and diversify the suite of solutions in that portfolio. So, as you think about Care Solutions, Benefits Management insights, we will make continued organic and, on our targeted basis, inorganic investments to continue to expand that portfolio, which will increase SG&A to some degree temper the income growth for the balance of the year.
David, anything you want to add to that?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Just highlighting the fact that in support of that, for example, our Evernorth Benefits business performed very strongly in the first quarter. So, on a year-over-year basis that was a partial contributor to the year-over-year increase as Brian articulated. And we remain committed to continue to invest in the businesses, all while meeting now our increased earnings outlook for the full-year.
Robert Jones - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
Great. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Jones. Our next question comes from Mr. Ralph Giacobbe with Citi. Your line is open. You may ask your question.
Ralph Giacobbe - Citigroup - Analyst
Yeah. Thanks. Good morning. The SG&A on the U.S. Medical side was higher, and I think you mentioned non-recurring operating expenses. So just hoping you give a little bit more details on what that exactly was and if you are willing to quantify the Evernorth? Thanks.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Ralph. It's Brian. So, maybe let me unpack the U.S. Medical non-recurring items a little bit. This might speak to the core of your question a little bit. As I mentioned in my comments, overall, our U.S. Medical earnings in the quarter were above our expectations. But when you remove the effect of the three non-recurring items, we were in line with our expectations. So, the three non-recurring items that I stated, we had some favorability in the quarter and net investment income. We had some favorability in the quarter and prior-year medical cost development and that was offset by non-recurring operating expenses.
And so, to the core of your question, the non-recurring operating expenses, you can think of as litigation-oriented matters associated with operations from several years ago. So these are not related to current time periods. These are unrelated to Anthem. These are matters from several years ago, but they related to operations. And as a result of that, we chose to book them through SG&A as opposed to considering them as a special item below the line or anything like that. They were appropriate in our eyes to book through SG&A above the line. And in order of magnitude, you can think of that as approximately offsetting the favorable benefit that we had from net investment income in the quarter within U.S. Medical. But those are truly non-recurring items since they're related to periods from several years ago and those matters should now be closed.
Ralph Giacobbe - Citigroup - Analyst
Okay. That's helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Giacobbe. Our next question comes from Mr. Justin Lake with Wolfe Research. You may ask your question.
Justin Lake - Wolfe Research - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. I wanted to squeeze in a couple of quick questions. First, in terms of medical cost expectations through the year, you gave us an update on COVID but wanted to get an idea of what you're thinking into the back half of the year in terms of utilization pick-up, post the vaccine, what you've built in versus kind of typical trend? And then, you mentioned you divested - plan to divest - to sell that Texas Medicaid business. I just wanted to see if there's any background there in terms of what drove you to kind of divest that and any kind of updated thoughts on your kind of Medicaid strategy going forward would be helpful? Thanks.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Justin, good morning. It's David. Let me just frame the medical costs for a moment and then ask Brian to talk a little bit more about our framework and our expectations for the year and then I'll come back and address the Medicaid divestiture and our Medicaid direction more broadly.
First from a medical cost standpoint, big picture, we're pleased with the start to the year. Big picture, broadly speaking, we're pleased with the start to the year. And I just want to underscore a couple of components. One, our organization works tirelessly to try to drive elevated utilization of certain services like preventative care services, and importantly, we saw in the first quarter, the use of preventative care services like mammographies, colonoscopies, child immunizations, cervical cancer screenings to be at an approximate level of pre-pandemic levels, that's a tremendous result offsetting what might have been a dampening to utilization. The national data we see, more broadly, is that, utilization of those preventative care services is at a more dampened rate, but ours is at an elevated or more consistent rate from that standpoint, which is quite important.
Secondly, I would just remind you that, and I'll tie this back in our Medicaid comment a little later is that, we have a de minimis amount of Medicaid within our portfolio and our national data suggest through our services business - driving our services business that in the first quarter of Medicaid medical costs were a bit more dampened year-over-year in the first quarter of 2021, that's not [Phonetic] an effect on our portfolio but we can see that in the services that we're providing.
Now, I'll ask Brian to give you a little bit more color forward looking on the year, then I'll come back and address Medicaid.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Good morning, Justin. So, just a few other comments on the quarter and the balance of the year. Overall, as I mentioned in my comments, the U.S. Medical MCR was in line with our expectations for the first quarter when you exclude the benefit of PYD, or prior year development. When you include the benefit of prior year development, we're actually a little bit favorable in the first quarter. And that was at an elevated level as we expected when we stepped into the year. For the balance of the year, we expect a deceleration in COVID-19 testing and treatment costs, we expect an uptick in non-COVID-related utilization in quarters two through four, with those factors roughly offsetting one another. And so, when we constructed our full-year outlook of an 81% to 82% medical care ratio, we stress tested a variety of scenarios about - associated with those two levers and are quite confident in our ability to achieve the full-year 81% to 82% medical care ratio for U.S. Medical.
David, maybe on the Texas Medicaid and our broader Medicaid strategy, over to you.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Justin, as you noted, we chose to divest of that single site Medicaid operation we had. So number one, it was - we have one of one. So it was one-off within our portfolio that has a de minimis impact on our P&L at the enterprise level. So putting that aside, we determined it was best for that business to be served by an expert or specialist and we're pleased to effectuate and seek to close a successful transition to Molina, we think that's beneficial to the customers being served and our coworkers in that business.
Looking forward, we continue to see Medicaid and government services, first and foremost, as an attractive growth opportunity within our Evernorth service portfolio, whether it's Evernorth Pharmacy, Evernorth Care, Evernorth Benefits, Evernorth Intelligence, the opportunity to bring expanded services, largely through health plans today in support of Medicaid, will be a growing organic part of our portfolio. Over time, we see opportunities that will manifest themselves state-by-state on state-specific service relationships again through Evernorth.
And then finally, as you recall, from our Investor Day conversation, within our M&A priorities, we continue to have expansion of our U.S. Government programs as an M&A priority. So we'll be opportunistic from that standpoint, if we see the ability to further strengthen any of our capabilities looking forward. But that divestiture was again, it was a one-off de minimis impact and we deem that was best in the hands of a specialist.
Thanks, Justin.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Lake. Our next question comes from Mr. George Hill with Deutsche Bank. You may ask your question.
George Hill - Deutsche Bank - Analyst
Yeah. Good morning, guys and thanks for taking the question. I guess, David, I would ask a little bit more color about the MDLIVE acquisition and how you guys are thinking about care delivery partnerships, and I'd love a little bit of commentary maybe on how the digital formulary is progressing and if you could maybe talk about if that's got a meaningful revenue contribution that's in the Evernorth segment?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
So thanks for the question, George. So specific to MDLIVE, first, it's important to reference the fact that we had a multi-year relationship with MDLIVE, both partnering to continue the services, but also through our very successful multi-year Cigna Ventures organization. So, we start from a learned shared experience and even deeper collaboration during the COVID environment.
Specific to the asset and the direction, as we discussed at our Investor Day, we see rapid expansion of what we call alternative side of care to be one of the three major trends as we look forward over the next five to 10 years. This is an important part of those building blocks and it's an important part of our Evernorth Care portfolio of capabilities. We see it as much greater than telemed or even basic virtual care triaging. We see the ability to obviously expand virtual care, primary care, behavioral care. We see the ability to expand that further in terms of longitudinal chronic care programs, polychronic and ultimately, complex care programs and capability. So, it provides us an accelerant to our strategic direction with a known partner that will now be part of the overall Cigna portfolio, and we're excited because, net-net, it drives improved service, improved access, improved affordability with strong clinical outcomes for the benefit of our consumers. So truly an aggregate win-win in the portfolio.
Specific to the digital formulary, that innovation continues to be somewhat unique in the marketplace. Our clients really appreciate the approach relative to the digital formulary helping to essentially curate and apply externally validated expertise to the vast array of digital alternatives that exist in the ecosystem to help to provide employers more informed decisions for those that may have the greatest outcome and impact for the benefit of the customers. So, I view that as a part of our consultative approach in terms of providing support and a part of our approach to, in this case, partnering curate additional services on a go-forward basis.
Taken as a whole, we see, again, our Evernorth Care capabilities as an exciting part of the broader Evernorth growth capabilities and we see the ability to do that in a complementary nature with our proven value-based care relationships within our Cigna, our portfolio as well.
Hope that helps, George?
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Hill.
George Hill - Deutsche Bank - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
The next –. Thank you, Mr. Hill. Our next question comes from Mr. A.J. Rice. Your line is open, sir, with Credit Suisse. You may ask your question.
A.J. Rice - Credit Suisse - Analyst
Thanks. Hi, everybody. I might just ask about the selling season, both for Medical and for Evernorth on the PBM side. I know last year there were some discussion about potentially people being delayed, different people have different views as to how much of that activity actually happened. I wondered what you've seen in terms of RFP activity on both sides of the business. Anything to discuss in terms of new and innovative ways that Cigna is going to market in those two sides of your business and any discussion about early wins, losses?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
A.J., good morning. It's David. So relative to the selling season, looking to 2022, your question goes at the commercial side, as well as the services side of the business. First on the commercial side of the portfolio, at this stage of the year, we're typically looking at the national accounts environment. And remind you that we define national accounts in - for our US commercial portfolio a little bit more narrowly than some of the market. So it's commercial employers, 5,000 or more employees who are multi-state in nature.
As we look to 2022, right now, we see an environment where the RFP volume, so the opportunity to pursue new business is up somewhat. I think order of magnitude 10%. And we see the portion of our book of business that's out to bid is being up marginally less than that 10% number. So that's a little bit of framing. We have some early traction, some early wins that exists in our portfolio and as we sit here at this stage of the environment, we're optimistic that we'll have a very good commercial outlook in aggregate for our portfolio as we look to 2022.
I'll bridge with the trend comment and then I'll come to the Evernorth portfolio. Clearly, affordability remains a top decision criteria for commercial employers. There is no doubt about that. We spent the ample time on that at our Investor Day and it remains a top strategic imperative. Further beyond that is, the flexibility necessary and then the innovation required to truly integrate or coordinate mental and physical health programs and then expand and coordinate access to care in a less fragmented way through alternative side of care framework, etc. So we see the trends being well lined up to our direction.
As it relates to within Evernorth and specific to your question within pharmacy services, as you recall, we have now multiple years of very attractive growth under our belt as a combined organization and we're pleased with that. As we look at 2022, we have an environment where to date our employer renewal process is manifesting itself quite strongly and our health plan renewal process is manifesting itself rather strongly beyond the two known losses that we previously discussed relative to the health plan business.
Taken as a whole, we'd expect the retention in that business as we sit here right now to be a bit less than our recent couple of years, which have been historic highs in the upper 90s, we'll expect it to be more in the mid-90s as a consistent rate. And then taken as a whole, we will expect to see both revenue and earnings growth in our Evernorth portfolio in 2022. So, both pointing in a positive direction would be the summary I would leave you with.
A.J. Rice - Credit Suisse - Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Rice. Our next question comes from Mr. Kevin Fischbeck with Bank of America. You may ask your question.
Kevin Fischbeck - Bank of America - Analyst
Okay, great. Thanks. The way that you were framing the drop-off in COVID utilization and then, I guess, the earlier return in volumes, to me imply that the COVID impact might actually end up being less than what you were forecasting. But you obviously reaffirmed that number. So just any thoughts about kind of the puts and takes that COVID is dropping faster than you thought? And then, do you still feel like about half of that coming back next year is the right way to think about that? Thanks.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Good morning, Kevin. It's Brian. So, a few thoughts on your question, and I appreciate the framing of it. Broadly in the quarter, as I said earlier, the MCR for U.S. Medical was in line with our expectations when you exclude the favorable benefit from prior year development. Now, the components within were a little bit different than we anticipated. So, to your point, the COVID-19 testing and treatment burden on our book was a little bit lower than we anticipated for the quarter. However, non-COVID utilization was a little bit higher than we anticipated coming into the quarter. So, the net effect of those two factors led to the U.S. Medical MCR being back in line with where we expected it to be. As we trend out the balance of the year, we continue to expect that phenomenon to proceed, meaning deceleration in COVID-19 testing and treatment costs and a little bit of an uptick in non-COVID-related utilization.
So, to your point, we expect about 50% of the EPS headwind associated with COVID-19, $1.25 to continue to show up in the U.S. Medical MCR. And bridging over into 2022, we continue to anticipate about half of that $1.25 or a little bit over half of that to return in the form of earnings in our 2022 enterprise portfolio. And as such, we would expect that our long-term annual growth rate in EPS of 10% to 13%, we would expect to achieve a result that's at or above the high end of that range relative to our updated guidance of at least $20.20 per share.
Kevin Fischbeck - Bank of America - Analyst
Helpful. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Fischbeck. Our next question comes from Ms. Lisa Gill with J.P. Morgan. You may ask your question.
Lisa Gill - J.P. Morgan - Analyst
Thanks very much for taking my question. I just wanted to go back, David, and ask a question around the comments that you made around MDLIVE. Specifically, you talked about expanding the primary care and longitudinal care, you talked earlier about your relationship with Ginger around mental health. So, my question here is really two-fold. First, where do you see the opportunities with MDLIVE around lowering overall medical costs for Cigna? Second, do you believe that you need to buy or continue to build-out something around behavioral health? And then thirdly, can you just give us an idea of how many Cigna lives actually use MDLIVE today?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Lisa, thanks. And I appreciate the ongoing interest in the space for sure. So number one, bigger picture framing, I appreciate that you have brought MDLIVE, Ginger together, for example. We don't - we do not believe that this is a one-and-done type activity. So, we don't believe that the Corporation secures itself a virtual care asset and then there's word [Phonetic] for the alternative delivery space. This is a fluid environment. It's a dynamic environment, and it's an environment that has massive promise relative to bringing the expanded access, coordination of services, and improved overall value coming back to the affordability. Our organic capabilities are strong, the MDLIVE asset advances that massively. But as Brian noted in his prior comments as well, we continue to invest in the space. So, I want to view that we view it as a dynamic and fluid space and we very much like our positioning.
Two is, just like in the, we'll call it the traditional care delivery space, the coordination of physical and mental health is mission critical, just because it's in a virtual care environment, it doesn't mean that the coordination of the leverage opportunity there is not - it is not - is critical. And, in fact, the virtual capabilities allow us to take fragmentation out of the system more aggressively and more comprehensively.
To your affordability comment, unequivocally we see an ability to further improve affordability through alternative site of care and through our virtual capabilities. You may recall from Investor Day, we identified alternative site of care or site of care leverage as a meaningful opportunity to further deflect or improve overall affordability. And an example maybe, we see already, in our virtual care delivery, less use of unnecessary or redundant diagnostic services, that's a tangible illustration of an improvement in affordability. Conversely, we see opportunities to even further close gaps in care or increase utilization of the right services, like maintenance medications through the dynamic, more intimate ongoing interaction with customers or patients from that standpoint.
So my points are three-fold. One, continuation of investment here in innovation off of a very strong base. Two, a continued need to use the capabilities to close fragmentation within the system or get more complementary leverage, most notably between the medical health and the mental health capabilities. And three, unequivocally a contributor to further improve the affordability.
Lisa Gill - J.P. Morgan - Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Ms. Gill. Our next question comes from Mr. Josh Raskin with Nephron Research. You may ask your question.
Joshua Raskin - Nephron Research - Analyst
Hi, thanks. Good morning. Here with Eric Percher as well. Can you speak to the progress in both the individual exchanges, I think I heard 17% number, as well as the small group markets? I'm specifically interested in membership growth. And when you think you have enough information around medical cost in sort of utilization of new product, etc., to better understand sort of profit trajectories here this year?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Josh. Good morning. It's David. Let me just start and frame the growth trajectory and then ask Brian to provide a little bit of additional color relative to our insights on the performance. First, we're very pleased. We're very pleased with the sustained performance starting with the individual exchanges. Just have you recall, we entered the exchanges in the first year and we've sustained engagement in the exchanges since its inception. We've innovated within the exchanges. We've delivered a proven model and now we're in an expansion mode relative to additional geographies in large part with our collaborative accountable care and align [Phonetic] value-based relationships from the healthcare delivery system. And we're pleased with the results, both the base results in the individual exchange, as well as thus far our early look at the additional enrollment we're seeing because of the expanded SEP. And I'll ask Brian to just give you a little color relative to that dimension.
As it relates to the small employer marketplace, as you know, we, Cigna, historically have not played in the small employer marketplace. What we've focused above 51 lives or above 100 lives depending on the regulation more broadly. We have continued to view it as an underserved market, a market that has had more traditional or rigidly designed programs, less innovation, and less flexibility and less leverage of more modern specialty and clinical services. And our determination was, it was best to pursue that market in partnership, leveraging our partnership DNA. And we've entered that market successfully with our partnership with Oscar. We're really early in that journey, some positive indicators for sure, we're early in the journey. Our early indicators are positive, though, that has us accelerating our geographies. And in collaboration with Oscar and again back to in partnership with our healthcare delivery partners.
So, Brian, maybe just a little color in terms of what we view the SEP process looking like and the economics within the individual exchange?
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Sure. Good morning, Josh. So, our individual membership year-to-date is a little bit above our expectations for a couple of different reasons. One is, I'm sure you know we stepped into 80 new counties in 2021 and the enrollment, the annual enrollment period there was a little bit above our expectations. Additionally, the expanded special enrollment period window that President Biden introduced has generated some new lives in our portfolio as of the end of the first quarter. We have no reason to believe at this juncture that those customers will perform meaningfully differently than the balance of our individual exchange portfolio, to your point, on when will we know for sure, it will take several months as we understand the risk adjuster profile and the persistency of those new lives, etc. But I also would remind you the individual exchange membership only represents about 5%, 6% of our total U.S. Medical portfolio. So, it won't be a significant needle mover relative to the MCR full-year outlook for U.S. Medical.
Joshua Raskin - Nephron Research - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Raskin. Our next question comes from Mr. Scott Fidel with Stephens. You may ask your question.
Scott Fidel - Stephens Inc. - Analyst
Hi, thanks. And good morning, everyone. A question just first, it will be helpful, maybe you could break down, just on the $1 billion raised revenue guidance. How you would sort of break that down between each of the three segments?
And then also interested just in sort of what you're seeing in aggregate right now around - the debate around inflation and not just thinking about medical inflation, but obviously Cigna has a lot of insights into just general inflation dynamics across all of your businesses. So, interested in terms of what you're seeing in the first quarter as it relates to whether you're actually seeing inflation rising and how you're thinking about the outlook for that over the course of the year? Thanks.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Scott. Good morning, it's David. I'm going to ask Brian just give you a little color on our really strong sustained revenue performance and then I'll come back and seek to address your inflation question.
Brian Evanko - Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Good morning, Scott. So, I'm really pleased with the Q1 performance on revenue, as well as the full-year increase in our guidance of at least the $166 billion. You should think of the majority of that increase coming from the Evernorth segment. But importantly, we're also seeing strength within U.S. Medical. So I would think of most of it from Evernorth and a bit of an uptick in U.S. Medical as well.
David back to you on the inflation question.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Sure. Scott on the inflation question, I'm going to come out with two ways. First through the core visibility of our business and then more broadly for those we serve. Thus far, within our business, we do not see a large trajectory change relative to what I would call cost of goods sold inflationary pressure. There is always some, make no doubt about it. There is always some. But through ongoing innovation, ongoing productivity, ongoing value-based collaboration, broadly speaking, I would not cause a - call a large sea [Phonetic] change from that standpoint.
Beyond that, in the broader economy, when we look at it through a US lens or pockets of the markets outside the United States, there is clearly a warming up. There is an indisputable warming up of the economy and there is a clearly warming up of inflationary indicators. But none of which have triggered across a threshold to suggest anyone industry, say, for some unique outliers, any kind of orange going to red threshold levels of inflation. But the robustness of the economy and some of the underlying cost drivers in some sub-sectors are clearly beginning to elevate. And I think have a lot of industry leaders watching to ensure that any movement in curves, any moving cost curves could be anticipated, either eradicated through pricing actions like CPG companies that are being intensely discussed, cost pressures in some sub-sectors of the technology ecosystem where the chip industry is on a patent role to supply the demand from that standpoint. But broadly speaking, I would say, again, nothing affecting our space over the immediate term horizon from an inflationary standpoint.
Scott Fidel - Stephens Inc. - Analyst
Okay. All right. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Fidel. Our next question comes from Mr. Matthew Borsch with BMO Capital Markets. You may ask your question.
Matthew Borsch - BMO Capital Markets - Analyst
Hi. Thank you. Let me ask a question about Medicare Advantage in the outlook, how you think it's going to work with rates? I know that I'm asking about 2023 and I know that's a light year away. But my question really is Medicare Advantage benefited from the lower expenses in 2020. I'm wondering how you think that's going to roll through the rate calculation? Because right now CMS has 2020 down 8% per capita and then increasing about 11% in this year and the next year. And so, I guess, my question is, do you think that kind of trajectory is likely for medical costs? And then if you can comment on it how you think that might work into the 2023 rate?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Matthew, a pretty complex Rubik's cube you put on the table. Thoughtful, but nonetheless complex.
Matthew Borsch - BMO Capital Markets - Analyst
Thank you.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
I think as you - as I think your question and process [Phonetic] your question, if you look at the 2020 to 2021 environment, clearly, the posture of CMS recognize the COVID dislocation, recognize that dislocation, for example, implication on risk adjusters, sought to in their own methodology, seek to provide some offset to that relative to their rate setting environment, as well as their guidance relative to delivery system reimbursement and set themselves up for, what I would say is, a pretty fluid and complex environment over the ensuing couple of years ahead. So, I would expect the next couple of year cycle to be a little non-traditional from that standpoint, given the need to adjust the various moving parts that result in a net rate-setting environment.
History would tell us that the result of all of the above, plus or minus a point or two largely gets the program to a balanced sustainable outcome. And looking forward, I would expect that because the Medicare Advantage program continues to deliver outstanding value, as you know, for seniors. Hence, the tremendous support from the senior standpoint, as well as overall clinical quality and affordability of which through the bonus programs and the reimbursement programs the Federal Government's budget actually benefits from. So I would expect it to be able to be balanced through that, but a little bit more lumpy than it has been in the past. And I think this year's risk adjuster true-ups will be really mission critical in terms of how CMS sees the industry recapturing a little bit more of the information that they deem necessary to get the risk adjusters, and then they'll factor that into the forward-looking 2023 rate environment. Stay tuned for more.
Matthew Borsch - BMO Capital Markets - Analyst
Okay, good. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Borsch. Our next question comes from Ms. Ricky Goldwasser with Morgan Stanley. You may ask your question.
Ricky Goldwasser - Morgan Stanley - Analyst
Yeah, hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking my question. So one follow-up, David, you talked about sort of the return of some of the diagnostic procedures that now are in line with - before pandemic. Are you clearly acuity is a big uncertainty for the rest of the year, but now that you're starting to have this data as individuals are starting to come back for preventive care testing, are you seeing any changes in acuity, that's one?
And then my second question goes back to M&A and investments, clearly, a very big focus and part of your growth strategy. So what metric do you use when you evaluate a buy versus a partner or a build decision?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Ricky, good morning. It's David. Let me take both of your questions. On your first question, to be very clear, we have seen consistent strong utilization of preventative care services, and notably, what I called out is, for example, in the first quarter of 2021, broadly speaking, preventative care services inclusive of mammographies, colonoscopies, childhood immunizations, cervical cancer screening, plus or minus, in the commercial portfolio business approximate pre-pandemic levels. We think that's a very good thing. I mean, underscore. It's a very good thing and something that our team has worked tirelessly to try to effectuate elevating those levels. We see that performance against a national data that suggest the utilization of those preventative care services are down versus pre-pandemic levels, 10% to 15%, but for our book of business they are not.
As a predictor then to the future, we see that as a mitigant for an elevation of acuity, all other things remaining equal, because you are consistently identifying an earlier stage through the preventative diagnostics or the preventative services. Equally as important as I noted in my prepared remarks, are, for example, within our Evernorth portfolio and within our Evernorth Pharmacy portfolio, for those customers being served by our mail order, we've actually seen get even further elevation of medication adherence, that's really important for the chronic population to avoid spikes in acuity moving forward, whether it's for diabetic, COPD, asthmatic or other patients from that standpoint. So, broadly speaking, we're working tirelessly to get the right clinical quality and services to be consumed and supported with the clinical resources we have to avert spikes in acuity going forward and therefore, we don't expect a large spike in acuity on a look forward basis, given the strong preventative or medication compliance.
As it relates to your M&A question, there is not a simple way to answer your question. Importantly, though, to frame, we look at all either growth or expansion of capability opportunities through buy-build-ally frameworks. We relentlessly go through a buy-build-ally framework. So, for example, today within our Evernorth Benefit portfolio, we're organically building out additional post-acute care capabilities after evaluating, buying, further partnering, or in-sourcing those capabilities. We typically will look at that three right-to-win our strategic positioning, and an economic framework. So you'll look at it through a variety of frameworks, it's not a simple economic hurdle rate. Your question didn't infer that it was a single measure but it's not a single economic hurdle rate. It's through a right-to-win, size and trajectory of the market, the resources with which to pursue whether it's organic build, collaboration through a partnership or from an acquisitive standpoint and, obviously, certain economic hurdle rates come into play, which we don't discuss publicly. Those are proprietary, but you would imagine, we're quite disciplined in terms of our return to capital thresholds.
Ricky, hope that helps.
Ricky Goldwasser - Morgan Stanley - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Ms. Goldwasser. Our next question comes from Mr. Steven Valiquette with Barclays. Your line is open. You may ask your question.
Steven Valiquette - Barclays - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everyone. So there was a question earlier on inflation, I actually have a question on deflation. I just wanted to check the box and get your quick thoughts on generic pricing as there has been some mixed signals on the level of generic deflation in the first quarter. And, I guess, I was curious, was there any evidence of accelerated deflation that may have played a role in better cost of goods sold in your mail order operations within Evernorth? And also you mentioned the effective supply chain initiatives, again this quarter. Just curious what that means for 2021 in particular, whether - is that just code for better drug purchasing and procurement this year or are there other factors within the clinical supply chain initiatives driving better results? Thanks.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning. This is David. So two-point question. First, there is no doubt there are some pockets of generic deflation within the pricing environment, what is in the cost environment. Importantly, they're in line with our expectations. So it's not a deviant or driver of a deviation for us in any way, shape, or form in terms of our broad portfolio. But unequivocally, there are some pockets of deflation there in line with our expectations.
As it relates to the supply chain activity, I would ask you just to continue to think about supply chain initiatives as being an inherent strength within the overall portfolio through a variety of lenses, whether it's collaboration on the medical side of the equation, the traditional supply chain activity, the value-based supply chain activity, etc., and we have a continuous drive to improve value, albeit to partner as we go through the process. And as we get into some more of the complex dimensions of the higher cost drugs and medications, we think there is further opportunity through the supply chain activity around value-based care relationships, aligned incentive relationships, more specifically with the manufacturers and with ourselves on a go-forward basis. So, I wouldn't call out any unique driver. More importantly, it's a continuous improvement part of our portfolio and it's an underlying strength of our portfolio. And lastly, our sustained growth supports that in a very positive way.
Steven Valiquette - Barclays - Analyst
Got it. Okay. Thanks.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Valiquette. Our last question comes from Mr. David Windley with Jefferies. You may ask your question.
David Windley - Jefferies LLC - Analyst
Hi. Good morning. Thanks for squeezing me in. I wanted to come back to the telemedicine topic and David, thinking about your capital-light strategy relative to providers and network. And I'm wondering if Evernorth and Cigna has an opportunity to leverage MDLIVE into your collaborative care partnerships or otherwise into partner networks as opposed to own networks in your case. And then alternatively, do you have an opportunity to use MDLIVE to feed volume or refer volume, catch volume, if - so to speak in parts of - other parts of Evernorth, especially pharmacy, mail order delivery, things like that, by owning and controlling telemedicine through MDLIVE?
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning. I appreciate the question, so two-fold. To your first part of your question, the simple answer is, yes. So, it would be really clear. Again, we see the opportunity, obviously from a stand-alone, if you will, fulfillment and delivery of the service, but also an opportunity in collaboration in alignment as a panel extender for our high-performing collaborative accountable care relationships and those conversations are dynamic and underway.
To the second part of your question, very thoughtful framework and appreciate it. If we come back and think about, first and foremost, our ability to further improve affordability, you may recall, at our Investor Day, we talked about four major ways in which we further improve affordability off of our strong overall cost environment today. One, is to further increase the percentage of utilization that takes place in the highest performing clinical settings, be they physicians or facilities. Second, is to work to reduce the cost of drugs further.
Third, is to effectively leverage alternative sites of care. For example, the difference between a knee replacement that is inpatient versus outpatient is about a third less in cost and we see a massive shift. That's a physical side of care, it's similar in virtual side of care. And then fourth, the ability to further coordinate a fragmented system, specifically in the areas of medical and behavioral.
So back to your question, our - evolution of our telemedicine and virtual care capability present opportunities to contribute to a variety of these areas, to help to support individual customers and patients, accessing higher cost of healthcare specialists or delivery system partners, helping to drive further leverage relative to the pharmaceutical equation in terms of medication compliance or alternative lower cost medications and the ability to merge or coordinate services, be they behavioral and pharmacy, behavioral and medical by being in that quarterback position with a customer-patient from that standpoint. So we see it as being complementary to a variety of those initiatives. And we see it being both complementary to your first question, proprietary driving on their own and in collaboration is a panel extended for high-performing healthcare professional partners.
Thanks for the question.
David Windley - Jefferies LLC - Analyst
Yeah. Thank you.
Operator
Thank you, Mr. Windley. I will now turn the call back over to David Cordani for closing remarks.
David Cordani - President and Chief Executive Officer
First, thanks for your time today. We really appreciate spending time to discuss our Cigna results and our outlook.
I just want to wrap up our call with a few headlines. First and foremost, we delivered strong financial performance during the quarter as we continue to navigate through what is undoubtedly a dynamic environment. And we work to meet and balance the needs of all of our stakeholders as we act as champions for healthcare that is affordable, predictable, and simple. In addition, our strong foundation, driven by our growth framework and track record of success, gives us confidence in our ability to achieve our increased EPS outlook for 2021 of $20.20, as well as positions us well for our ongoing long-term average annual revenue growth rate of 6% to 8% and our 10% to 13% average annual adjusted EPS growth rate, all while continuing to play - pay an attractive dividend.
With that, again, we thank you for joining our call and we look forward to our future conversations.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes Cigna's first quarter 2021 results review. Cigna Investor Relations will be available to respond to additional questions shortly. A recording of this conference will be available for 10 business days following this call. You may access the recorded conference by dialing 800-551-8152 or 203-369-3810. There is no passcode required for this replay.
Thank you for your participating. We will now disconnect.
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