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Matt Welch - Vice President of Investor Relations
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Sheila Kahyaoglu - Jefferies - Analyst
Myles Walton - Wolfe Research - Analyst
David Strauss - Barclays - Analyst
Peter Arment - Baird - Analyst
Ronald J. Epstein - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst
Seth Seifman - JP Morgan - Analyst
Noah Poponak - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
Robert Spingarn - Melius Research - Analyst
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
Operator
Thank you for standing by. Good day, everyone, and welcome to The Boeing Company's Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. Today's call is being recorded. The management discussion and slide presentation, plus the analyst question-and-answer session, are being broadcast live over the Internet. [Operator Instructions]
At this time, for opening remarks and introductions, I'm turning the call over to Mr. Matt Welch, Vice President of Investor Relations for The Boeing Company. Mr. Welch, please go ahead.
Matt Welch - Vice President of Investor Relations
Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Boeing's third quarter 2022 earnings call. I am Matt Welch and with me today are Dave Calhoun, Boeing's President and Chief Executive Officer; and Brian West, Boeing's Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. As a reminder, you can follow today's broadcast and slide presentation through our website at boeing.com.
As always, we have provided detailed financial information in our press release issued earlier today. Projections estimates and goals we include in our discussions this morning involve risks, including those described in our SEC filings and in the forward-looking statement disclaimer at the end of this web presentation. In addition, we refer you to our earnings release and presentation for disclosures and reconciliation of certain non-GAAP measures.
Now, I will turn the call over to Dave Calhoun.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Matt, thanks. Welcome to everybody. Thanks for joining us. I will acknowledge upfront that our plans for the investor conference middle of next week, we're looking forward to them. We hope we can give some guideposts for the forward look in The Boeing Company. So many of our comments today will be a little shorter than usual and focused strictly on the quarter.
This quarter was a big one for us. We hit a marker, a marker we've set since the beginning of our turnaround effort in the beginning of 2020 and that was to generate positive free cash flow. So, we generated $2.9 billion in the quarter. That puts us on the path that we projected for 2022 which was positive. So, again, very important accomplishment for us and I think begins the real turning point for the company.
At the same time, we took a charge on our fixed-price development contracts. These are contracts that we have talked about now repeatedly on these calls. We believe as we always do that the charge that we took is meant to complete these contracts, ultimately to deliver them to satisfied customers in the Air Force, in the Armed Forces. In any way, we're not embarrassed by them. They are what they are, and we intend to deliver against these contracts and satisfy our customers.
Without a doubt, and you've heard it from all of the earnings calls over the course of the week, the supply-chain, inflation, labor shortages, macroeconomic challenges are challenging for everybody. That is reflected in these third quarter calls. Again the charges in our fixed-price development world, etc., all of that's embedded. We're not anticipating or suggesting that the supply chain world is going to get much better in the near-term. We expect it will continue to be challenged over the course of 2023.
One of our problems is not demand. Demand is very strong. It's strong across the portfolio of products, and it's strong across the world with all of our customers. Why because their demand is strong, bookings in pretty much every geography is strong with the exception of China. But also there are concerns about the very supply constraints that we're all referring to sort of force them to want to get in line and get their orders in so that they have to lift they need as the world returns to some normal state.
What's our job in this supply-constrained world, well, within the factories we don't push the system too fast. We slow down when we have to, and we try not to compound problems that may arise from the supply chain or from our own shops. We've added more than 10,000 people this year. And we are investing in training and development to accelerate their experience curve and improve our productivity over time. And we're driving stability in the supply chain. We've introduced all kinds of on-site technology digital tools to watch what they're doing, but also we've added people to those organizations that are more challenged than others. And we've increased inventory safety stock wherever we can. Truth is, it will still take time to normalize, and our objective in the Investor Conference that lies ahead is to give you that projection as to how and when we think that is likely to happen.
Despite the challenges, I'm very pleased with the progress broadly. Our 787 deliveries have returned, that's a reflection on us focusing on the right things. Strict conformance with respect to our manufacturing processes. It is very important. We've gotten it right and the delivery process has started, and so far so good. On the 737 MAX return to service, again, philosophy is ‘one at a time.' A million revenue flights, exceptional schedule reliability, that's what we've experienced and that is why the folks who have leaned into the MAX continue to lean into the MAX and continue to place orders with us.
In total, over the quarter, 227 orders for airplanes; WestJet, UPS, Cargolux, China Airlines, just a few. Again, very strong. You probably have seen today, Alaska has upped their commitment to the MAX and we greatly appreciate it from all of them. In a strong demand and yet supply-constrained world, our inventory - the fixed - finished goods inventory that we have is an asset, not a liability, and we use it to de-risk that delivery outlook.
And as for China, we continue to de-risk. That's been our objective. We still would like to deliver airplanes to China. We continue to support our customers. We continue to support the regulator. As we all know, the COVID restrictions and policies in China have reduced demand for airplanes in general, and we hope that is what is restricting the acceptance of our of the airplanes that they have on our tarmacs. But we also are clear-eyed about the geopolitical risks that are out there. And we are not going to impart new risks on our investors. And we believe we can de-risk what we have.
We're progressing on our development programs, the dash-7, the dash-10, the 777-9 and the dash-8 freighter. All of these are progressing well. As everybody knows, we are up against a deadline here at the end of the year. We remain confident that we can get an extension of that deadline because this is the safe answer. And we've heard from airlines, we've heard from pilots, we've heard from our workers, associates, and we know that the FAA has been putting in the work to certify these airplanes. So we remain not just hopeful but confident that we can get this across the finish line. And then those airplanes as many of you know complete that narrow-body portfolio in a way that allows us to compete head-to-head with our important competitor, Airbus.
BDS, Boeing Defense, yes, we have these fixed-price development challenges, but we have a rich portfolio. We delivered four MH-139 Grey Wolf test aircraft to the US Air Force. We received contracts for additional KC-46A tankers for both the US Air Force and the Israeli Air Force. And despite the challenges on our real development programs that the tanker T7 and MQ-25, we still remain confident in our long-term success and contribution to our cash flow.
And then, Boeing Services, BGS, just another very strong quarter. They're trying to keep up with demand the best they can. They delivered their 100th contracted 737-800 Boeing Freighter conversion to AerCap. We've got key awards in both commercial and defense customers and things are going well. And margins continue to expand.
And then, finally, we have not stopped investing in our foundational capabilities. We had some pretty good examples of that over the course of the quarter. We opened three advanced facilities across the country, composite fabrication, additive manufacturing, and an important autonomy investment alongside MIT, just in Cambridge.
Also, very excited about Wisk's unveiling of the world's first autonomous, self-flying, 4-seat, all-electric vertical takeoff and landing air taxi. There's a very bright future ahead for that. And with respect to autonomy and its advancement in the world of certification, it's a very-very important part of our strategy. So we're making great progress. I feel good about our turnaround. I do think the cash flow numbers in the quarter are in fact a marker for us. We've been focused on it. We will continue to manage the company on the basis of the cash economics that we support our investors with, and that'll be that.
So I'm happy to turn it over to Brian now for some color on the quarter.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Thanks, Dave. And good morning, everyone. Let's jump right in. Cash flow, as Dave mentioned, is our primary financial metric and it was positive in the quarter. Operating cash flow was $3.2 billion and free cash flow was $2.9 billion, both up pretty significantly versus both prior year and prior quarter, essentially driven by higher deliveries and some receipt timing.
Revenue, earnings, both impacted by charges in our defense business, where we took a $2.8 billion hit across five fixed-price development programs, which I'll go into. The macro-environment challenges that Dave described required us to make certain adjustments, including a reassessment of future period cost forecasts. These adjustments are important to our go-forward momentum as we de-risk our defense portfolio and move to more predictable performance.
And we still think about our performance in three parts and are positioning ourselves for an improving trajectory. First, we have reached important milestones across the business and made progress on commercial deliveries with the resumption of the 787 in August. Also, the 737 MAX return to service is largely complete, and we're de-risking the near-term delivery skyline for China.
Next, we started to see improvement in our primary financial metric of free cash flow. This third quarter performance puts us on track to be positive for both the second-half and the full-year of 2022. And finally, as we look to 2023, our operational and financial performance should continue to improve. The acceleration will not be as significant as previously anticipated, and our path to recovery is taking a bit longer than expected driven by the challenging macro-environment. But longer-term, there is a significant opportunity for our company to return to sustainable growth. As we liquidate the 777 and the 787 inventory, we improve execution on a de-risked BDS portfolio, and achieve certification on the MAX, dash-7, the dash-10, and the 777X development programs. We look forward to sharing our plans at our investor conference next week.
Before getting into the financials, I want to make a few points on the current business environment. Slide 3. While the turnaround is taking a bit longer, one thing that remains strong is demand for airplanes, as the commercial market recovery is playing out better than expected. We still see overall passenger traffic returning to 2019 levels in the 2023 to 2024 timeframe. And although the economic indicators point to challenges ahead, this demand has proven resilient.
In August, domestic traffic was 85% of 2019 levels, led by the US, Europe and Latin America. Going forward, the recovery will be driven by China domestic and international traffic, which remain below 2019 levels at 62% and 67%, respectively. In aggregate, commercial passenger traffic was at 74% of 2019 levels. So even with economic headwinds, we see the strength of demand continuing as air traffic recovers to its historic levels.
In defense and space, we see solid long-term markets, both domestically and internationally. In the US, there is broad support for increased defense spending in Congress to meet current challenges. And internationally, ongoing global tensions are driving our partners and our allies to announce plans for increased spending and additional capabilities for national defense. And we're working hard to support their needs.
In services, our business is well-positioned with a broad set of offerings, and we'll continue to benefit from the growing commercial fleet, our robust cargo market, and increasing defense budgets.
Turning to the supply chain, constraints continue to impact production in both our commercial and defense businesses. On the commercial side, we're focused on a few key areas, mainly engine deliveries, which is the primary constraint to 737 production rate stabilization and subsequent increases. Customers are counting on us to resolve the situation with our supply-chain partners, and we will.
We're taking actions to mitigate these impacts and support the supply chain, and, as Dave described, we've increased our on-site presence at first-tier and sub-tier suppliers to support work movement and address industry-wide shortages. And we're utilizing our own internal fabrication for surge capacity and managing safety stock inventory levels and increasing where necessary to protect risk. With overall healthy demand, finished goods inventory and a diverse backlog, we feel well positioned to navigate the current environment and are confident that our product lineup is well-suited to meet our customer needs.
With that backdrop, let's turn to the financials on Slide 4. Third quarter revenue of $16 billion increased 4%. Core operating earnings were negative $3.1 billion, resulting in a loss per share of $6.18, largely driven by $2.8 billion of defense charges. We generated $3.2 billion of operating cash flow, a significant improvement from the same period last year, primarily due to higher commercial airplane deliveries and favorable receipt timing. Also, similar to the same period last year, we benefited from a tax refund of $1.5 billion in the quarter.
Let's move to commercial airplanes on Slide 5. Third quarter revenue was $6.3 billion, up 40%, primarily driven by the resumption of the 787 and higher 737 deliveries. Operating losses of $0.6 billion and the resulting negative margin rate reflect abnormal costs and period expenses.
On the 787 program, we delivered 9 airplanes in the quarter and have 115 airplanes in inventory. The pace of deliveries from inventory going forward will be based on finishing rework as well as customer fleet planning requirements. We expect most of these airplanes to be delivered over the next two years. We continue to produce at low rate and will gradually return to five airplanes per month over time. Near term, the supply chain remains a key watch item for 787 production and deliveries. Longer term, with more than 400 airplanes in backlog, we anticipate higher production rates due to the expected wide-body market recovery. As customers return to medium-term fleet planning, we continue to have positive discussions with our customers on the 787.
We recorded $330 million of 787 abnormal costs in the quarter in line with expectations, and we still anticipate a total of about $2 billion, the most being incurred by the end of 2023. These costs are driven by rework and production rates below 5 per month.
Moving on to the 737 program, we delivered 88 airplanes in the quarter below our previous expectations, primarily due to supply-chain disruptions which impacted factory flow time. We continue to work towards stabilizing deliveries. However, given our deliveries to date, we now estimate about 375 737 airplanes this year. The monthly delivery trend is expected to remain in the low 30s into next year.
We ended the quarter with 270 MAX airplanes in inventory, down 20 versus last quarter. There were 35 deliveries out of storage, largely in line with our plan, but we also began positioning for MAX-7 deliveries and built 13 airplanes in the quarter. Of the inventoried airplanes, 138 are for customers in China. We continue to explore options to remarket some of these airplanes as we de-risk our near-term delivery plan. Based on our latest assessment of China and the dash-7, dash-10 certification timelines, we now expect most of the inventoried airplanes to deliver in 2023 and 2024 with some moving into 2025.
Moving on to the 777-9 program, development efforts are ongoing, and the program timeline is unchanged from what we shared last quarter. We still anticipate delivery of the first 777-9 airplane in 2025 and continue to coordinate with the FAA to prioritize resources across our development programs. We booked $111 million of 777X abnormal costs in the third quarter in line with our expectations, and we still expect to record about $1.5 billion of these costs through 2023, while 777-9 production remains paused.
During the quarter, we booked 227 commercial airplane orders that Dave mentioned the customers we're proud to serve. In September alone, we received orders for each of our programs, including the 737 MAX, the 767, 787, 777, 777X. And at the end of the third quarter, we had over 4,300 airplanes in backlog valued at $307 billion.
Let's now move to Defense, Space & Security on Slide 6. Third quarter revenue was $5.3 billion, down 20% and operating margin was negative 52.7%. Results were driven by approximately $2.8 billion of losses on certain fixed-price development programs. KC-46A and VC-25B made up the bulk of these charges at $1.2 billion and $766 million, respectively. We also recorded losses on the T-7A, MQ-25 and Commercial Crew Programs and saw pressures across other programs.
These losses reflect a comprehensive review of program financial estimates. While some changes resulted from new information or developments during the quarter, others were the result of our most recent assessment of estimated future performance. Adjustments were primarily due to higher estimated manufacturing and supply chain costs as well as technical challenges, which are expected to continue longer than anticipated. The cash impact of the losses we recorded year-to-date are now heavily weighted in the near-term, resulting in a cash flow usage at BDS for both 2022 and 2023. While current performance doesn't reflect where we'd like to be, for sure, we're focused on driving execution stability. These programs have an outsized impact on BDS margins and will be key to margin recovery in future periods.
On the demand side, we received $5 billion in orders during the quarter including tanker awards from both the US and Israel, resulting in a BDS backlog of $55 billion. Additionally, the Apache helicopter has been selected by the Polish military.
Now, let's turn to Global Services results on Slide 7. The Global Services business had another strong quarter, primarily driven by our parts and distribution business. Third quarter revenue was $4.4 billion, up 5% and operating margin was 16.5%. Results were driven by higher commercial volume and favorable mix, partially offset by lower government volume. We received $5 billion in orders during the quarter, including a tanker support contract for the Italian Air Force and an F/A-18 depot expansion contract. The BGS backlog is $19 billion.
With highly valued commercial capabilities and support for our defense portfolio, our service business is positioned to see continued growth. Based on what we've seen so-far this year, we anticipate healthy total services top line growth for 2022 and similar growth in 2023.
Now, let's turn to Slide 8 and cover cash and debt. We ended the third quarter with strong liquidity with $14.3 billion of cash and marketable securities on the balance sheet, an improvement of $2.9 billion since the end of the second-quarter driven by free cash flow generation. During the quarter, due to our improving cash flow and business outlook, we chose to reduce the size of our revolving credit facility capacity from $14.7 billion to $12 billion, which remains undrawn. Year to date, operating cash flow was a generation of $55 million and free cash flow usage year to date was $841 million. We expect our primary financial metric free cash flow to be positive for the fourth quarter and the full year driven by commercial deliveries.
Our debt balance is consistent with the end of the last quarter at $57.2 billion. Our investment-grade credit rating is a priority, and we remain committed to reducing debt levels through strong cash flow generation over time.
In conclusion, while we have more work to do, we're executing on our turnaround, and we've come quite a long way over the last three years. We remain focused on our own performance and taking the right actions to drive stability and growth for the future. We also continue to invest in key capabilities that will lay the foundation for the future. And through it all, our team is demonstrating exceptional resilience and dedication. More work ahead, but we're confident that we're on the right path.
With that, over to Dave for closing comments.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, I'll keep it short and sweet. We're on a turnaround. We've been on a turnaround. We've made very important progress with our regulators. We've made very important product - progress with our customers and even more importantly, the flying public. And now, we're wrestling through supply-chain constraints. And when we get through it all, we'll get back to normal and ultimately deliver what our shareholders are expecting.
So, I'll leave it at that and open up to questions.
Operator
[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Sheila Kahyaoglu with Jefferies. Please go ahead.
Sheila Kahyaoglu - Jefferies - Analyst
Hey. Good morning, Dave and Brian.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Sheila.
Sheila Kahyaoglu - Jefferies - Analyst
Hi. You started the call with comments around the supply chain challenges that you're seeing, and you talked about it lasting through 2023. And it doesn't seem inventory is issue, and it's mostly engines. So what sort of steps is the team taking to work with suppliers to resolve these risks? And how do you expect it to you impact the output and ultimately deliveries? I think you mentioned low 30s through next year on the MAX? Historically, you've said 8 to 10 out of inventory. So how do we think about the production pipeline there.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, that - let me start with steps, so I'll let Brian maybe quantify the best he can, but I - the steps are - they are as clear as they can be. We've been talking about this for quite a while. We get on regular calls with our counterparts at the engine suppliers. And as you know, in our case, it's predominantly CFM and then GE broadly across the wide-body fleet, etc. So, we literally go down through all of those schedules. It inevitably comes down to castings and the support that they get from the two big casting suppliers. So the best thing I can say now is that we are clearly on the same page ourselves and our suppliers. We are taking steps to increase at a very gradual and, I hope, disciplined way the increase in rate with respect to castings and then ultimately from engines to us.
I don't want to predict outcomes on that front. I think the most important thing is we're not being surprised as frequently as we used to be. And I do think that the engine suppliers are getting their heads - their arms around things in a much better way than they had previously. So, that's really the situation as it is. I am confident that the industry will step up. But it will take more time than I probably had hoped when we started these conversations. And I suspect it won't be till we get to the sort of ending next year before we can really make sizable rate increases with respect to that constraint. Brian?
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
And what I would say is that my comment on being in the low 30s, year to date, we've been in the low 30s. And as we turn the quarter into next year, that all of a sudden is going to snap up to a 40-type number. So it's going into the year, we're going to be constrained, as Dave mentioned, largely about the engines and, it will be that low 30s. But as we get through next year, that rate will go up. And we'll talk a lot more about that next week.
Sheila Kahyaoglu - Jefferies - Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Next, we'll go to Myles Walton with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.
Myles Walton - Wolfe Research - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. I'm wondering on the defense charge, obviously you've gone through a number of these, but they sort of keep growing in magnitude. And was there anything different trip wire-wise that triggered the size and expansiveness of this charge? I know you gave more color on the slip out of the tanker, which seems to continue to happen. But maybe was there a trip wire, number one? Number two, these forward losses that have accumulated on the balance sheet, the size of the headwind in '23 versus what you experienced in '22 would be helpful.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes. Thanks, Myles. I'm going to get to the last part. It's going to be about the same in terms of the headwind, to answer your last comment. Our BDS portfolio, the 85% of the business is doing pretty well. It's these fixed-price development programs that unfortunately we're working our way through. We had it count for recent performance, including a reassessment of our forecast cost complete. There's no doubt about it. The biggest impact was the tanker as you mentioned. At $1.2 billion, it was driven by two things. The supply-chain constraints and specifically part shortages had been persisting, and they likely will persist longer than we had contemplated. And then two, this labor instability. As you know, all airplane programs contemplate a learning curve improvement over time. And we adjusted our assumptions, because labor stability is an issue that is likely to continue into the future. We can hire, it's getting the workforce trained and up to speed that we had to account for in this particular period. We applied the similar framework to the VC-25B where the labor stability issues are magnified because of the requirement to get secured - security clearances. And that's also contributed to schedule shifts. So, those are the two big ones. And it's just, at this moment, the provision reflects what we think is likely to happen in front of us. The other bucket really relates to, what I would call, true development which is MQ-25, T-7 and Commercial Crew. We did adjust for similar macro constraints where needed, but there's also a recognition, there is technical challenges that we're working those through and sometimes impact schedule. But overall, we feel very confident about those programs long-term and the benefits that we'll accrue once we get them out in the market. So there's no doubt that we've de-risked these programs.
Number two, big ones, for the next two years. And I'm not suggesting perfection, but we definitely lowered the risk profile. And for the smaller programs, in some cases, we de-risked even longer. I think that the thing we ought to keep in mind is that our mandate is to stabilize and now deliver very important product to our customers who need them. Anyway.
Myles Walton - Wolfe Research - Analyst
Okay. And then just a quick clarification on the tax refund, you've had one last year, this year. Do you anticipate another one next year or no?
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
No.
Myles Walton - Wolfe Research - Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from David Strauss with Barclays. Please go ahead.
David Strauss - Barclays - Analyst
Thanks. Good morning. Brian, you made the comment that I believe the recovery is not accelerating as fast as you expected. I'm sure you'll give us a lot more on this next week. But maybe some broad strokes as to what that means in terms of the trajectory of free cash flow generation from here and your ability to de-lever as you have a fair amount of maturities coming due in the first half of next year?
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
So I'll answer that question. We're confident that we will be able to satisfy the maturities in front of us. We'll talk a lot more about that. But given the fact that where we ended the quarter with our cash balance, $14 billion-plus, plus being able to be cash-flow positive in the fourth quarter, that's not a concern. In terms of the rate of change, we have a supply chain, as Dave mentioned, that we've been dealing with, and that's been reflected in our commercial deliveries through the course of the year. And we're working our best to stabilize and get more predictable. But while it may not be quite the rate of acceleration going forward, momentum is going to improve. It just could take a bit longer, and we're going to share a lot more about that with you next week. But in terms of our liquidity position and what's in front of us, a high degree confidence.
David Strauss - Barclays - Analyst
Okay. A quick follow up. The airplanes that you have in inventory for China, how many of those have you remarketed at this point?
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Well, there are active discussions with customers about that topic. More to come in terms of things getting finalized, but it's an active discussion so that we can no longer defer that decision and actually start to think about how we liquidate that in terms of working capital improvement and cash flow. More to come and we'll keep you updated.
David Strauss - Barclays - Analyst
Thanks very much.
Operator
Next, we'll go to Peter Arment with Baird. Please go ahead.
Peter Arment - Baird - Analyst
Yeah, good morning, Dave and Brian. Hey, Dave, maybe I could just circle back on the China question that David was just talking about. Have you seen any kind of positive movement from customers over there regarding wanting the MAX? And right now, you're up to 51% of the stored fleet is tied to China with 138 aircraft. And just how you're thinking about that, because that obviously that percentage is going to continue to grow? Thanks.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so I'll start with my hope. My hope is that, that these two big geopolitical forces get together and endorse free trade again and the COVID policy ultimately lightens sometime in the future in China so that they can take more deliveries of airplanes. So we're going to keep supporting our customers, keep supporting there regularly later every step of the way. But we are also going to take steps to de-risk. I have not gotten a single signal, and I'm surprised by it, they're going to take deliveries in the near term. So we are going to continue. We're going to - we have begun, and we're going to continue to remarket these airplanes as we move forward. And we're confident that there is a market for it, not a little market but a big market, in some ways, there are a lot of ways we can take advantage of it. I would prefer not to take advantage of it. I prefer to just reinstate deliveries with our China customers. But anyway, that's the course we're on it. It hasn't really changed much, but it is really hard for me to find signals that things are going to change in China and move in our direction. So hopefully that'll give you everything you need here in terms of the way we're likely to move.
Peter Arment - Baird - Analyst
And this is a follow-up, Brian. Just the 8 to 10 out of storage, is that still a good number on a monthly basis? Thanks.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Yeah.
Peter Arment - Baird - Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is from Ron Epstein with Bank of America. Please go ahead.
Ronald J. Epstein - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst
Yeah. Hey. Good morning, guys. Thanks for the time. You mentioned on the call that your primary focus metric is going to be free cash flow. In the past focusing on free cash flow got the company to where it is today that didn't end very pretty. How are you viewing that differently than how it was viewed in the past? Dave, you were on the Board when a lot of these decisions were made in the past. So what's - how are you going to view this cash focus different than you did, call it, five to - [Speech Overlap]?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, Ron, I'm not going to comment on the past. I'm not sure that's helpful to anybody. Our need to focus on free cash flow as a result of having taken a significant amount of debt on in light of the crisis that we had, some self-inflicted, some definitely COVID-related as it relates to the marketplace and all the things that we've had to contend with. So we took on a lot of debt. Shareholders told us it would be great if you've got rid of that debt sooner rather than later. And so we've been focused on free cash flow. It is a great metric, period, in terms of how we measure the - all of our people and the work that we're doing. It does not suggest that we have stopped investing in new capabilities that will ultimately differentiate this company and bring it right back to the leadership role it's always enjoyed. So I'm probably not going to take the bait. I do have confidence that we are doing exactly what we need to be doing. And the free cash flow metric is a very clear indicator of performance, not just in the near term, but also the medium and long term. So I'm sorry, but that's the answer.
Ronald J. Epstein - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst
No, that's fine. And if I may, just a quick follow-on. Of the 787s you have in inventory, can you give us a sense on how many are like ready to be delivered, how many have to be de-pickled, how complicated a process that is?
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Well, thanks, Ron. They all have to go through a prescribed set of rework and we've been very clear on that, and we contemplated what that is going to take. And now it's up to our great team in Charleston in an effort to get that work done. And it's going well. It's early innings, but it's going well, and we have high confidence that they will get done what they need to do to get those inventoried airplanes in the customers' hands over the next two years.
Ronald J. Epstein - Bank of America Merrill Lynch - Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Next, we'll go to Seth Seifman with JP Morgan. Please go ahead.
Seth Seifman - JP Morgan - Analyst
Hi. Thanks very much and good morning. I just wanted to dig in a little bit more on this issue of engines and castings. LEAP deliveries were up significantly in the third quarter, and it sounds like they see things getting better. Haven't gotten the impression from Airbus that they are expecting quite the pressures next year that you are. It seems like they expect that things are getting better. Is that because most of the LEAPs are going there and you guys have to wait longer? Or is there more to it, or are these increasing CFM deliveries, is that not really enough to help you guys?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, so, just in context, things are getting better. They are getting their hands around things, and they're beginning to project forward. The real issue for us is simply - when I refer to constraints, it's because we have such huge demand for the airplanes that we wish we could do double the rates. That is why we will refer to this as a constraint and a difficulty. The measurement of where engines are going with respect to Airbus versus us is the easiest thing in the world to measure, and so we're well aware of it, and we don't see any indication that one is being favored over another. And then with respect to maybe suggestions that they're not having any trouble, that's not what the industry tells us. And frankly, that's up for them to explain and to all of you, and I'm sure they will. So, I'm not worried about this as the industry favoring one over the other. It's too easy for both sides to measure and to hold people accountable. And yes, it's improving, but it's nowhere near where we all want it to be because the demands are demand on our airplanes is just so strong.
Seth Seifman - JP Morgan - Analyst
All right. Okay. Just to be clear then, it is the engine though that is preventing Boeing from delivering 737s off the line between let's say the expected pace of 20 a month to be at a total delivery pace of low 30s versus the nominal production rate of 31 a month. So they are only able to get you engines to deliver at roughly 20 planes per month or so?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah, we're short of engines. We have a clear picture of what it's going to take to make it up and we'll get back on rate. But yes, the answer is yes.
Seth Seifman - JP Morgan - Analyst
Okay. Thanks very much.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yep.
Operator
And next, we'll go to Noah Poponak with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.
Noah Poponak - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
Hi. Good morning, everyone.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Noah.
Noah Poponak - Goldman Sachs - Analyst
A lot of to work through, but it seems like what underpins some large portion of your challenges is labor availability both for yourself, for the supply chain, it seems like it's behind a decent amount of the defense charges. Can you put some numbers on it? How many people do you need to hire? How far into that have you broken? When you say it takes time to get somebody trained and seasoned, how long does that take? And do you have those numbers in the castings part of the supply chain? I mean, how many people do they need to hire and how far along are they? And where are these people going to come from, given the macro-level openings versus workers gap?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Well, that's a big complex and macro question. I'll start with us. We have brought on 10,000 people. We are at a head count level that we think can handle rate increases and all the things that we need inside our own shop. We have significant training and development programs and investments that are being made as we speak, so that we are productive with the introduction of all of these new people. I don't have a number with respect to all of the supply-chain constraints and labor shortages that they might have. But a lot of our constraints with those suppliers that represent constraints are labor-related. Some, like in the casting world, are little more labor and experience related, because you may know in the casting world, that is not a simple process. It's not just bringing in people and start them up. There is a real learning curve and cycle that is needed to sort of ramp-up capacity. So I can't - I don't have a sort of big number for you. I wish I did. I know this. All of us in this industry are wrestling through these constraints. We try to compare notes. We're trying to help our suppliers on the commodity side, with our own contracts and the application of those contracts to their needs. And then on the labor side, anything that we can do to help them find people, that's what we do. And we often second or send our own people out there to help them. So it's - this is just what we're in.
I think it's going to take probably all of next year before things really do begin to stabilize, because we'd begin to see layoffs in other industries. We definitely feel that in the software world. We're not having any kind of trouble bringing in the engineering resources that we need, particularly as it relates to software development because the rest of the industry that competes with us is beginning to soften considerably. So I wish I had a big specific number and an easy resolution. I don't. This is what we're going to struggle through all year next year.
Operator
Our next question is from Rob Spingarn with Melius Research. Please go ahead.
Robert Spingarn - Melius Research - Analyst
Hi, good morning.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Rob.
Robert Spingarn - Melius Research - Analyst
Dave, a couple for you. You've said numerous times today that demand is not the issue. So I was going to ask if you could talk about the developing wide-body cycle and the environment for that. And could it mitigate some of the narrow-body issues in China, in other words, selling wide-bodies into China? And how might that influence your rate plan for 787 and 777 Freighter?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
It's a great question. Number one, I - the wide-body world is heating up. There are some significant orders out there we're all competing for. So that's just a reflection of the markets that are returning, largely international base, but a lot of domestic carriers as well, so anyway big robust. The answer on China is just as you're suggesting and the premise that underlies it, which is that is the airplane they're going to likely need from us more than any other. They don't have a domestic alternative. And I don't believe that a single provider from France can meet those requirements. So. And we do get orders, but they're - I'd put them in the incremental category for airplanes, large wide-bodies, freighters in particular from China. Does that ramp up? It's not something we're counting on, but it could. And if it does, that will compete for a very crowded skyline.
So, again, if China really does rebound, and we can get the geopolitical tensions to calm down somewhat, that's going to present another challenge for us on the demand and the supply front, but one we would welcome and probably be upside to whatever guidance we provide next week.
Robert Spingarn - Melius Research - Analyst
Okay. And just to clarify slightly a different topic, how does this BDS review differ from prior reviews? How confident are you that you've captured everything here?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Yes, well, look, I'll start, and then I'll let - Brian is dying to talk. So, the best, I mean, fact set that we can give is number one, we're getting closer to the end of these programs. So we're getting work done. We know more. We see more. We're also running out of time with respect to learning curves. There's no time to develop learning curves. They take a couple of years. We don't have a couple of years. We're going to - so we don't have any baked-in learning curves anymore. We are simply saying these supply constraints that we're facing today will not end until we finish. So we're trying to assess these programs with real clarity and realism with respect to what we're experiencing now and not projecting significant improvements in the future. So it's - for me, that's sort of the set around it. It's definitely the way we went into it, and of course, Brian has been through every little detail. So, Brian, I'll let you add.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
And I must add other than - we sit in this environment, and you can't ignore these macro constraints and how they impact these programs. And that's just what happened this quarter. But the thing that we've done our best to do is de-risk and de-risk, as Dave mentioned, some of these assumptions and future cost forecasts. So we like where we closed the quarter of our position. We do it every quarter and we feel confident. This quarter, it really was the recognition of the very rapidly changing environment that is persistent and can't assume it's going to get better anytime soon.
Robert Spingarn - Melius Research - Analyst
Thank you, both.
Operator
Our next question is from Cai Von Rumohr with Cowen. Please go ahead.
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
Yes, thank you for taking the question. So I guess, I kind of get the $2.8 billion on the development program, although that seems large. What confuses me is that excluding the $2.8 billion, all those mature programs, F-18, F-15, Apache, etc., look like they're at breakeven than making no money when Lockheed and GD have their issues. But basically, the mature stuff is doing okay. How come?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Brian, you probably have to grab that one.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
We saw across some of these other programs similar disruptions in terms of both factory stability, part shortages, labor. So those weren't immune at all. It's just that they're not magnified in the sense that they are these big fixed-price development programs that have these reach-forward losses embedded in them.
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
Got it. And then I -
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
[Speech Overlap] You know in making comparisons across our companies, our BDS is programs only. It's not including the government services part of our business, which continues to run at reasonably healthy margins and does its thing. So I know you know that, but I just want to point it out.
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
And then, so, I mean we've seen sort of a whole set here. We thought first quarter $900 million got it done, and now we have $2.8 billion. What should we be looking for to feel confident that in fact you guys really are out of the woods at BDS?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Better numbers, better performance, better everything. So I don't want to tell you anything other than that. Our objective is to make sure these tankers are doing the job for our military customer. That is it. That's all we're focused on, and they are doing that. And they are now permitted to do all the missions that are required. So we are knocking down risk, and we are implementing these programs. And so I'm confident we're going to get where we need to get, and you'll be confident when you see the numbers play out the way I expect them to play out.
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
Thank you very much.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
As you know better than anyone, these are complicated programs, lots of assumptions, lots of moving parts, backdrop of a volatile environment. We did our very best to de-risk.
Cai Von Rumohr - Cowen & Company - Analyst
Great, thank you.
Matt Welch - Vice President of Investor Relations
Operator, we have time for one last question.
Operator
And that will come from Doug Harned with Bernstein. Please go ahead.
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
Good morning. Thank you.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Doug.
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
Hi. I wanted to go back to the MAX rate and engines, because - on the earlier, I think Seth's question earlier talked about the LEAPs out there, and we're looking at GE just reported 347 LEAP deliveries for the quarter. We are seeing Airbus finally, and they've struggled, but finally that the LEAP-powered A320 seem to be coming through. When I look at - if we look at the numbers and you at sort of the target production rate of 31 a month and look at what Airbus is doing, it seems like CFM is finally getting there. And then on top of it, we know that well over 100 LEAPs were delivered ahead of production before. So I'm just trying to understand how the engines can be the main constraint here. Is there another issue that's also slowing down the delivery rate or - I'm sorry the production rate?
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Doug, no. I can try to reconcile numbers. All I can tell you is I personally witnessed alongside my counterpart at GE reconciliation of the engines we need to deliver the airplanes and the engines they are producing on weekly rates. And so we just have - we have a gap we got room to make up. And yeah, we're going to get there, but it's going to be at a constrained rate, and we know that and that's what we're trying to factor into our forward looks. And that is what you will see when we get together next week. So there is no other constraint, Doug, with respect to our rate projections and others. There are lots of weekly constraints that just simply impact the stability of the line. But they are not going to be rate limiters, either short-term or long-term. It will boil down to engines and the competition for castings between Pratt and CFM.
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
And then if I can just follow up with one more thing which when you guided early in the year to positive free cash flow for the year, was that including the assumption of this tax benefit that we saw this quarter? Because just wondering if you're thinking about positive free cash flow still in the absence of that sort of $1.6 billion additional benefit here.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
It was contemplated, Doug.
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
Okay. So that's part of the outlook you had, okay.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Sure.
Douglas S. Harned - Bernstein Research - Analyst
Okay. Great. All right. Thank you.
Brian West - Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, Finance
Yeah.
David L. Calhoun - President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Doug.
Matt Welch - Vice President of Investor Relations
All right. That completes The Boeing Company's Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. Thank you all for joining.
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