Ladies and gentlemen thank you for standing by and welcome to the A. O. Smith First Quarter Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] [Operator Instructions]. [Operator Instructions]

I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today Ms. Ackerman Senior Vice President Investor Relations Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability and Treasurer. Thank you please go ahead.

Patricia K. Ackerman - Senior Vice President Investor Relations, Treasurer, and Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability

Thank you Rosay. Good morning ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the A. O. Smith First Quarter 2020 Results Conference Call. Joining me today are Kevin Wheeler Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; and Chuck Lauber Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin with Kevin's remarks I would like to remind you that some of the comments that will be made during this conference call including answers to your questions will constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks that could cause actual results to be materially different. Those risks include among others matters that we have described in this morning's press release. [Operator Instructions]

I will now turn the call over to Kevin who will begin our prepared remarks on slide three.

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you Pat. Undoubtedly these are unprecedented times. With safety and well-being of our employees as the highest priority I am extremely proud of our entire team supporting our customers with the central water heating and water treatment products to combat this virus. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and in support of continuing our manufacturing efforts during this time we have undertaken numerous meaningful in some cases extraordinary steps at our manufacturing plants to protect our employees. These steps include plant accommodations and reconfigurations to maintain social distancing mask availability to all employees deep cleaning quarantining individuals with positive tests or potential exposure to the virus for 14 days and restricting access to facilities among others. While these steps result in lower manufacturing efficiencies in some cases our focus is on safety first. The majority of our office personnel have been working from home and have done a great job in maintaining productivity and support of the business.

As offices have reopened in China and will soon in other countries and in the U.S. we have implemented return to office protocols which include bringing back office staff in waves over a two month period making maks available more frequent cleaning of common areas sanitizing stations throughout the office areas and limiting use of conference rooms for small group meetings to maintain social distancing. Our long-term relationships in many cases decades-long and strength of our partners within various channels including wholesale distributors DIY retail hardware stores plumbing supply and independent reps are particularly important as we provide the essential water heating and water treatment products critical to uninterrupted operations of hospitals clinics grocery stores food service companies and many more including the households that many are now using to conduct business and education. Our global supply chain management team proactively monitors and manages the ability to operate effectively and identify bottlenecks. To date we have not seen any meaningful disruption in our supply chain.

We engaged in ongoing communication with our supply chain partners to identify and mitigate risk including multi-sourcing and managing inventory at higher levels. Our recent implementation of SAP has provided improved management tools and visibility into our supply chain. Additionally we have improved our manufacturing flexibility as a result of water heater tank standardization projects over the last five years. Standardization greatly improves our ability to shift manufacturing from one plant to another should the need arise. The stability afforded by the replacement component in residential and commercial water heater and boiler demand which we estimate at 85% of the U.S. unit volume puts us in a position of strength as we navigate through this pandemic. We estimate replacement demand is 40% to 50% in China. While we are in a position of strength similar to 2008 and 2009 time frame we expect to see lower demand for the majority of our products and have been proactive in managing costs. We have increased our cost-reduction programs in China and we continue to monitor the North American environment and customer demand to potentially take further actions such as furlough programs and other restructuring. A. O. Smith is in a solid financial position with positive cash flow and a strong balance sheet.

I will turn the call over to Chuck who will elaborate on our cash and liquidity on slide four.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you Kevin. While A. O. Smith has a strong balance sheet and capital position we are proactively managing our discretionary spend and cash position. To that end we suspended our share repurchase program in mid-March in addition while we continue to focus on strategic investments including new products and production efficiency. We have reprioritized and reduced our capital spend plans for 2020 by approximately 20%. Through April we have completed $200 million of dividends out of China and we have repatriated $125 million to the U.S. As of April 30 2020 we had approximately $850 million in liquidity consisting of cash cash equivalents marketable securities and borrowing capacity on our credit facility which remains in place throughout 2020 and 2021 expiring in December 2021. We continue to focus on rightsizing the cost structure of our China business. We have achieved a 20% headcount reduction compared with December 2018 and we will continue to assess the need for additional workforce reduction.

We are targeting 1000 net store closures this year in China along with further cuts in advertising and other costs. Total savings are expected to total $55 million an increase of $10 million from our estimate in January of which $30 million was achieved in 2019. Our debt maturity schedule is shown on slide five. The next major maturity date is at the end of next year in December 2021 when our revolving credit facility expires. We are in compliance with all covenants in our credit facility. Our leverage ratio is 17.5% gross debt to total capital at the end of March was significantly below the 60% maximum dictated by our credit and various long-term facilities. I will begin comments about the first quarter on slide six. First quarter 2020 sales of $637 million declined 15% compared with the first quarter of 2019. The decline in sales was largely due to a 56% decline in China local currency sales driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of lower sales in China first quarter 2020 net earnings of $52 million and earnings per share of $0.32 declined significantly compared to the same period in 2019.

Please turn to slide seven. Sales in our North America segment of $533 million increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2019. Incremental sales of $16 million from the Water-Right acquisition purchased in April 2019 organic growth of 17% in North America water treatment products and higher water heater volumes drove sales higher. These factors were partially offset by water heater sales mix composed of more electric models which have a lower selling price and lower contractual formula pricing associated with a portion of water heater sales based on lower steel costs. Rest of the World segment sales of $110 million declined 53% with the same quarter in 2019. China sales declined 56% in local currency related to weak consumer demand driven by the pandemic. China channel inventories declined slightly from the levels at the end of 2019 and remained in the normal range of two to three months. On slide eight North America segment earnings of $127 million were 10% higher than segment earnings in the same quarter in 2019. The improvement in earnings were driven by lower steel costs incremental profit from Water-Right and improvement in the profitability of the organic water treatment sales which were partially offset by the mix skew to electric water heaters and lower contractual pricing.

As a result first quarter 2020 segment margin of 23.9% improved from 22.2% achieved in the same period last year. Rest of the World loss of $42 million declined significantly compared with 2019 first quarter segment earnings of $12 million. The unfavorable impact to profits from lower China sales and a higher mix of mid-price products which have lower margins more than offset the benefit to profits from lower SG&A expense. As a result of these factors the segment margin was negative with compared with 5.3% in the same quarter in 2019. Our corporate expenses of $15 million and interest expense of $2 million were essentially flat as last year. Our effective tax rate of 23.6% in the first quarter of 2020 was higher than the 20% tax rate in the first quarter of 2019 primarily due to geographical differences in pretax income. Please turn to slide nine. Cash provided by operations of $54 million during the first quarter of 2020 was higher than $22 million in the same period of 2019 as a result of lower investment in working capital including timing of certain volume incentive payments which was partially offset by lower earnings compared with the year ago period. Our liquidity and balance sheet remained strong. We had cash balances totaling $552 million and our net cash position was $209 million at the end of March. During the first quarter of 2020 we repurchased approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock for a total of $57 million.

I will now turn the call over to Kevin who will begin on slide 10.

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you Chuck. During April we saw differing levels of impact from the pandemic across our major product lines and geographies. In North America our average daily orders for residential water heaters declined low single digits compared with the first quarter pace. Commercial average order rates in April were down 30% to 35%. It is difficult to interpret order rates in April as customers are likely adjusting inventory levels as they manage their inventory investment dollars. In China the pandemic had a significant impact on our volume in the first quarter. 50% of our sales volume occurred before the Chinese New Year shutdown on January 24. With manufacturing government offices restaurants and schools now largely reopened and the majority of installers able to access apartments in China we have seen sequential improvement in sellout and orders in April compared with February and March. Consumers remain cautious and it's too early to determine when consumers will return to normal levels in retail environments. A portion of the improvement could be pent-up demand.

In North America demand for residential boilers has remained soft following a warm winter. And we have delayed our early buy incentive program in this environment. Our commercial condensing boiler backlog has doubled from levels at this time last year but some orders have extended delivery dates. With construction sites closed in some states timing of delivery is difficult to project. Safety and security of drinking water is a high priority for consumers during this time. The North America water treatment end market strength we saw in the first quarter continued in our direct-to-consumer product portfolio which skews to lower price easier-to-install products. In April we experienced some challenges in parts of the country with installed in-home products. In India our water treatment products are considered essential. But our manufacturing plant is closed as worker transportation is difficult in this environment. We believe the current environment does not allow for the forecast of performance with reasonable precision. And as a result we continue to suspend our 2020 full year guidance. As the depth of the disruption and pace of recovery in our end markets become clearer we look to return to our practice of providing a current year outlook.

Please turn to slide 11. In Mexico similar to other companies we temporarily suspended operations as governmental agencies continue to sort through the industries designated as essential and allow to continue operate as well as the conditions and safety measures under which businesses deem essential are allowed to operate. We temporarily shifted manufacturing from Mexico to the U.S. to minimize disruption of our customers. Each day we move closer to an understanding of when we'll resume production and believe that we will be in a week or two and at a reduced manning and capacity. These lower rates coupled with the U.S. output are expected to support demand for customers over the coming months. Our global supply chain team has been proactive from early in the first quarter and continues to monitor and manage availability of components. Again to date we have experienced minimal disruptions in our global supply chain. Our largest suppliers in Mexico which are in different states than our boilers plant are now reopened but at reduced capacity. While the disruption has been minimal we have experienced reduced safety stock levels on certain items and our supply team is in ongoing communication with our suppliers to mitigate operational risk and manage inventory levels.

We believe replacement demand for water heaters and boilers in the U.S. is approximately 85%. In 2006 through 2009 which captured the Great Recession peak to trough industry shipments of residential water heater volumes declined 18%. The decline was primarily driven by a $1.5 million decline in new homes constructed. During that period we were able to flex our operations to maintain margins. At 1.3 million new homes in 2019 we do not anticipate the new home construction impact will be as great as the Great Recession. The replacement base of our core U.S. products provides a stabilizing buffer to the economic downturn expected in the remaining three quarters of 2020. Please turn to slide 12. After being closed for several weeks in February in compliance with local orders our three plants in China are open and operating. Foot traffic in our retail network in China remains low and we are building to order at lower-than-normal operating capacities. Our suppliers are open and we are now and we are not experiencing disruptions. Customers continue to prefer products with fewer features continuing the trend we saw last year as you would expect in this environment.

Our mid-price products are positioned for this trend. Despite reduced headcount retail footprint and advertising costs we continue to invest in R&D in the region. Product development continues with a focus on taking costs out of our most popular new products to improve contribution margins. Product development has been one of the pillars to our success in China and we are committed to our investment in engineering resources in China and around the world. Please turn to slide 13. After a hard closure of the economy in the first quarter China is slowly returning to business. While we have seen April orders and - incrementally improve from February and March it's too early to predict if the recent improvement is the result of pent-up demand or by consumers slowly returning to the market. In North America we have previously experienced in weathering through difficult economic conditions most recently in the 2008 recession. However with the massive and abrupt impact to jobs and end markets like restaurants hotels and hospitals it is difficult to predict this current state of shelter-at-home and state-by-state closures will play out similarly to the 2008 recession.

While we would expect that our replacement business in both water heating and boilers will provide a buffer in the same manner as we have seen before the impact to construction and discretionary spend and closure of certain job site activity is difficult to predict for the remainder of 2020. In India it is clear that our targets breakeven in 2020 will be pushed out as the country battles COVID-19. Please turn to slide 14. We believe that particularly in these uncertain times A. O. Smith is a compelling investment for a number of reasons. We have leading market share in our major product categories. We estimate replacement demand represents approximately 85% of U.S. water heater and boiler volumes. We have a strong premium brand in China a broad product offering in our key product categories broad distribution and a reputation for quality and innovation in that region. Over time we are well positioned to maximize favorable demographics in both China and India to enhance shareholder value. We have strong cash flow and balance sheet supporting the ability to continue to invest for the long term with investments in automation innovation and new products as well as acquisition and return to cash and returning cash to shareholders. We will continue to proactively manage our business in this uncertain environment as we've seen consumer demand trends emerge in China where we were first impacted by the pandemic and now in North America as the current economy begins to reemerge after the economic shutdown. We have a strong team which has navigated successfully through prior downturns. I'm confident in our ability to execute through COVID-19.

That concludes our prepared remarks and we are now available for your questions.

Question & Answers

Questions and Answers:

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Operator

[Operator Instructions] And your first question line of Jeff Hammond with KeyBanc.

Jeff Hammond - KeyBanc - Analyst

Hey, good morning guys.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Good morning to.

Jeff Hammond - KeyBanc - Analyst

Good morning, good really good color on April and the trends. And I just want to understand this China sell-out chart a little bit better. Is it fair to say that like the last five weeks sell-out has been kind of in line with prior year? And maybe how does that frame how you're thinking about 2Q for China versus the steep drop you saw in 1Q?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes Jeff. Let me just kind of walk forward from January. Kevin said it on his remarks that half of our first quarter sales were before the Holiday Festival. So before January 24 we had 50% of our Q1 sales already in. February was by far the weakest. Sequentially March got a little bit better and we've seen April get a little bit better. And that's just our sales. When you look at demand demand what we've seen in April is demand is approaching the sell-out is approaching what we saw last year. So we're encouraged by it. And I think some of it could be pent-up demand. But we're encouraged by the way it's starting to track to last year. And encouraged by that and on top of that I just want to sort of come back to channel inventories. We saw channel inventories decrease slightly in the first quarter too. So we're really building to demand and we're pleased with that.

Jeff Hammond - KeyBanc - Analyst

Okay. And then in North America kind of stark difference between the commercial water heater commentary and I think what you're saying about Lochinvar but it sounds like you expect Lochinvar to see declines as well. Can you just maybe differentiate between those two and what you kind of expect?

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well let me just take the North America water heating side of the market first. As we talked about our orders were down a little bit on residential in April. In the commercial I wouldn't read too much into April right now. Down 30% 35% is in our mind probably our distributors kind of rebalancing inventory. Keep in mind that their largest investment is in our dollar amounts in our commercial products. So there's probably some rebalancing going on there.

As far as Lochinvar again Lochinvar has had a very nice commercial start to the year. Again some of those jobs are in New York and a few other states that have been suspended. But having a strong order book is really good. And we're still seeing quite frankly decent quote activity out there. So as we move forward again I think it's still too early to put a number on what new construction will look like and when these jobs that have been postponed will be released. But overall I like our position as we head into Q2 and then we're going to have to react as we see this market open up. It's very early right now.

Jeff Hammond - KeyBanc - Analyst

Okay, thanks guys. I'll get back in queue.

Operator

Your next question line of Matt Summerville with D.A. Davidson.

Matt Summerville - D.A. Davidson - Analyst

To that point would it be possible Kevin to just talk about what you believe sell-through looks like in April in the commercial business versus sell-in where you indicated? And then as my follow-up can you talk about how the new entrant into the residential water heater market later this year may impact or not market stability? I'd love to get your take on that.

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well I would tell you when you start talking about North America and sell-in and sell-out we don't really have great data there. So it would be more speculative on my part as we go forward. I still believe the 85% replacement market is going to hold up and continue. But the new construction it's just too early for us to put kind of a number on that knowing again as I've mentioned a lot of the jobs being suspended and quite a bit of activity up in the Northeast and so forth. So I'm not trying to dodge the question. It's just we really don't have that kind of visibility to give you a for me to give you a reasonable answer right now.

And as it comes down to a competitor entering the market at the end of this year again as we looked at it A. O. Smith has dealt with competitors for a long period of time. As we've mentioned on prior calls we have very strong relationships with our distributors. And as mentioned in the remarks they go back decades. To be a full-time player in this market you have to have a complete product line of residential commercial and on top of that have excellent service levels. So we're going to focus on ourselves as we go forward and continue to do and provide value to our distributors as we've had over the last decades.

Matt Summerville - D.A. Davidson - Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

And your next question line of Scott Graham with Rosenblatt Securities.

Scott Graham - Rosenblatt Securities - Analyst

It's a high as. Good morning, Kenric GAAP that hey, I was just hoping on slide four the $55 million in China is the math there as simple as assuming that $25 million drops into operating income this year?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

It is. It is Scott. We were talking about $15 million on the January call and we've increased that by $10 million.

Scott Graham - Rosenblatt Securities - Analyst

Yes. Got you. And then you have to look at each business individually and certainly within North America. But is there particularly with concerns out there about the speed of the release of the backlogs that are out there on commercial for that to kind of start-up again fully I think that there are some concerns out there. And I guess my question is does that preclude you like does your backlog and your quote preclude you from maybe taking some structural costs out there? And maybe more broadly in North America what are the trigger points that you're maybe looking at to get more aggressive on the cost side in North America again more broadly?

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well let me just take the high level and I'll have Chuck fill in some of the blanks here. But if you look at it demand we have been able and we've demonstrated it through 2008 and the recession to be able to flex our plants appropriately. And so that's a skill set that came out of the Great Recession that we continue to use today. So from that will be simply demand driven and we will adjust appropriately whether it's in our water heater facility or in a boiler facility. And as far as cost right now the quarter came in I think pretty reasonable for us. We're continuing to watch demand. Some of the things we've already taken we have our headcount on hold travel and entertainment is down but we haven't taken any major structural changes or decided to take any structural changes yet. We'll continue to look at it. We're prepared if necessary to execute. But we're just not in that position and we'll continue to monitor demand in our customers as we head into Q2.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. I mean the trigger point for us is really watching that demand. Back to your backlog question I mean we're pleased to have the backlog. We wish it was a little more predictable on when we were going to ship it but that doesn't really preclude us from taking some of the actions that Kevin mentioned on taking some of the cost out as we watch the backlog.

Operator

Your next question line of David McGregor with Longbow Research.

David McGregor - Longbow Research - Analyst

Yes, good morning everyone. Just a question on, I hope you're well.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes you too.

David McGregor - Longbow Research - Analyst

Yes. Just a question on China. And I guess we've been talking now for a few quarters about the evolving mid-price point product that you've introduced into the Chinese market. I guess I wanted to tie this in a little bit with what you're doing on SG&A because clearly you're making progress in terms of addressing the SG&A issue. But to the extent that you're relying more and more on mid-price point one would presume that that's a more competitive segment of the market as a consequence would require more in the way of ad support market support. And I'm just wondering if the migration into greater mass in the mid-price point constrains you in terms of what you're able to do in flexing SG&A?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The products that we're introducing in the kind of upper midpoint price point is really helping us a bit on the online. So as you might expect in Q1 we saw our online business doing a bit better than we've seen in the past. Online historically has been 20% of our business last year; first quarter this year it's approaching 30%. And the selling model is a little bit different on online after you make the sale than we do on the off-line footprint. So some of the tie-in to kind of the mid-priced products and some of the actions we're taking is looking at our store footprint. So the 1000 stores that we talked about that's the area that we're really looking at low-efficiency stores trying to take some cost out. But it's really those mid-price products help us a bit on online as well as in off-line and we're working on cost reduction products projects to continue to reduce the cost on those.

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes I would just add that the cost of sale online is a little bit lower than off-line. And a lot of the action we're taking with stores we're going to repurpose some of those investments towards our online activities. But I don't view it as being an incremental add to our marketing efforts. I just I look at it more repurposing of how we go to market.

David McGregor - Longbow Research - Analyst

Is there any chance we could get some sense of proportion from you in terms of what percentage of your business over there is mid-price point versus the kind of legacy premium price point?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

We don't have that split handy right now. I would say certainly in this environment we've seen a shift to more of the upper mid-priced and low end of the premium-priced product. But exact numbers we just don't have in front of us.

David McGregor - Longbow Research - Analyst

Okay. And my follow-up question is really on the water treatment some pretty impressive numbers there this quarter. Is this the improved profitability is really just being driven by scaling that business up? Or is there a product mix or channel mix issue? If you could just talk about some of the progress you've made in water treatment?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. It's all that. It's some scale. It's some process improvement that we've had. Strong demand always helps. The organic growth of 17% in the business really really improves it. And we're very very pleased with the addition of Water-Right because Water-Right has performed very very well for us and helps that margin as we get more scale.

David McGregor - Longbow Research - Analyst

I guess just in this kind of environment where there's so many concerns about how the consumer discretionary spend might respond to the macro are you seeing anything in April that would give you pause?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

No. Actually in our remarks we talked about water treatment we had a very strong in our minds a very strong Q1 and that really transferred over to April. A clean water is a critical element in the consumers' minds right now. And having the ability for us one of the things in our water treatment we have several channels that we market in. And this has proved to be a nice advantage for us going through e-commerce going through a dealer network DIY providing those opportunities to the various consumers played out really well in Q1 and we think will play out as we go forward into Q2.

Operator

Your next question line of Robert McCarthy with Stephens.

Robert McCarthy - Stephens - Analyst

Hey, good morning everyone. We're only heater and. All right. So I guess first on China could you just talk and amplify some of your existing commentary about the cost actions you took and the narrative in the back half of last year and the incremental cost actions you've taken now and how that's changed or what's accelerated? What's the difference? And then is there any granularity as to the negative margin you put up this quarter that could give us a better sense of the components of the loss because that's a pretty sizable loss?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So let me start with the cost actions. And I'll take it by kind of category. So headcount reduction when we were on January's call we talked about the fact that we were targeting 20% to happen through the first half of the year. We've achieved that 20% and we're looking at some further headcount if necessary. So we're looking very closely at headcount as well as watching the consumer demand. We've really increased our selling and our advertising expense. So the increase there is with the 1000 stores and we're looking at our footprint we're kind of we're targeting to take out further selling in online or I'm sorry in off-line and off-line infrastructure costs.

Robert McCarthy - Stephens - Analyst

Okay. And then I guess as a follow-up on just the cash flow statement could you just give me a sense of what's really been the change in current asset liabilities for three months 2020 versus 2019 just give me some complexion around the conversion there in terms of what's going on in inventories and the receivables?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes inventories are up slightly. I'd say the biggest swing in cash flow is just some timing of some volume incentive payments that occurred in the first quarter last year that will occur in the second quarter this year. Let me go back to China for a second because you mentioned about the I think you've mentioned it was a pretty large decrement. The volume really matters in China when you get to that level. So we've been kind of consistently talking about when volume goes down using a 50% decrement. And I think it falls in line pretty close to that. Q1 was not much time for the China team to react. Q1 was very abrupt kind of leaving the spring festival holiday for the Chinese New Year expecting to be back in a week and not returning for several weeks.

So reacting on cost in Q1 was quite difficult particularly paying employees and doing all the right things that we did for safety. So it was not easy to make quick actions or take quick action in Q1. But the 50% decrement hold held pretty true in Q1. We curtailed all the advertising that we could in promotions because it just didn't make sense to promote while people were not in the retail environment. So as I mentioned earlier Q1 50% before the festival and then sequentially better. So we're watching the orders in April very closely and we're going to watch as we go into May to see kind of what we can expect as the year progresses.

Operator

And your next question line of Ryan Connors with Boenning and Scattergood.

Ryan Connors - Boenning and Scattergood - Analyst

Great, thanks for taking my question. Hope you're all well.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

All right, thanks.

Ryan Connors - Boenning and Scattergood - Analyst

Yeah. I wondered if you could talk about the impact of all this on your channel partners and sort of the channel inventory situation in North America? I mean many of your distributors are small businesses certainly the professional plumbers that they serve are small businesses. So presumably their financial wherewithal to hold inventory may have been compromised in many cases. So how does that impact you? Will there be some requirement that you utilize more of your balance sheet to finance inventory going forward? Or any thoughts on that?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. So many of our customers are also essential businesses in today's environment and continue to operate. We know that their volumes are lower because they've had to adjust to curbside pickup in some cases and other scenarios which has hurt their business. Certainly water heaters are a very important part of their business also a very important part of the replacement business. So that's more steady than some of the other discretionary spending that people would have for the other products that they carry. We're watching it close. If you go back to kind of the recession and use that as our experience level we saw very very little interruption during the recession. We would hope and expect that some of the smaller distributors or customers that we serve would have been able to get some assistance through the government programs that are out there. But we're watching it very close. At this point in time we haven't seeing any indications of any slow up or any issues in our channels but we certainly are watching it close.

Ryan Connors - Boenning and Scattergood - Analyst

Okay. So you don't see any structural change in terms of the you're having to hold more inventory at your level as opposed to the inventory capability of the channel itself.

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. This is Kevin. If anything from '08 when the Great Recession hit there's been even more consolidation to some of our larger customers over that decade or so. And quite frankly these are the same customers that navigated through the Great Recession. And they basically almost every one of our customers has been deemed essential and their customers have been deemed essential so plumbers and so forth. Yes some sales are down but there's been we've had to make no really adjustments to the way we do business with them other than making sure that they have product to serve the consumer and the commercial entities when necessary. And they've been navigating through it pretty well. And again we stay close to them. Our sales force is virtually talking to them on a pretty regular basis. But yes as a whole I think I would be very comfortable saying most of our distributors and retailers and even our dealers are navigating through this current environment. And again we'll have to see how it plays out the rest of the year. But for the most part everybody's doing business a modified business but nothing exceptionally different.

Operator

Your next question line of Susan Maklari with Goldman Sachs.

Susan Maklari - Goldman Sachs - Analyst

Good morning.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Good morning.

Susan Maklari - Goldman Sachs - Analyst

My first question is can you talk a little bit to the decremental margins in North America? And especially as we think about it from a residential perspective as well as the commercial just given the varying trends that you talked to there?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. I mean when we look at the margin the decrement incremental and decremental margins is about 30% roughly on the residential side. Commercial would be a bit higher. This is a little different right because some of this disruption is pretty abrupt. Some of it's stop start. Some of it is a little bit more costly but that's ballpark.

Susan Maklari - Goldman Sachs - Analyst

Okay. That's helpful. And then following up on that you mentioned that the rate of declines that you saw during the housing downturn in 2008 can you talk to the mix shift that you also see with that? And maybe how you're thinking about mix shift in the U.S. coming through as we exit the virus and get into more of a recessionary period?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Back in that time I don't believe we saw much of a mix shift at all. There may have been a slight depending upon where the housing was located. Typically some of the stronger markets are our electric markets currently when you go to Florida and some of those other geographic areas. But we just we wouldn't expect a significant mix shift. It's typically a like-for-like exchange on the water heater side on the residential side.

Operator

And your next question line of Saree Boroditsky with Jefferies.

Saree Boroditsky - Jefferies - Analyst

Good morning. Thanks. Taking my question. So you talked about the impact from construction site closures on commercial water heaters and boilers. Could you just provide any color on what you're seeing in regions with extreme shutdowns in North America such as the Northeast versus regions that are less impacted by the shutdowns?

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Yes. I would tell you this is Kevin. We're seeing it you just said up in the Northeast New York that area took aggressive measures to shut down a lot of their job sites. We're seeing some of that on the West Coast as well in California. And so those are the areas and quite frankly we're starting to see some of those start to be released and coming back to work. But it was very regional and particularly very heavy in the areas as you would expect like New York where the COVID-19 was having a serious impact.

Saree Boroditsky - Jefferies - Analyst

Is there any way to quantify the decline seen there versus some other regions so we can kind of get a sense of what underlying demand could be versus COVID-19 impacts?

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

I don't think we can get that granular with you as far as again as we've talked about even our backlog that we have which is a nice backlog those dates continue to move. We stay in contact with our customers and our buy/sell reps to kind of get the best view going forward. But it's really early. Until these key markets really open up not just gradually open up we're going to need to see some kind of run rate here before we can really give you a definitive response.

Operator

Your next question line of Nathan Jones with Stifel.

Nathan Jones - Stifel - Analyst

Good morning, everyone.

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Good morning.

Nathan Jones - Stifel - Analyst

Lee. So it's a follow-up to a comment you made I think it was to Rob's question about reacting on costs in China and how difficult that was due to the abruptness of the shutdown and that it happened so quickly. Could you contrast that with your ability to adjust the cost structure in North America depending on what we see going forward here?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yes. The biggest contrast in my mind is that we wouldn't expect that big of a drop in North America because of the replacement business being a larger percentage of the business in China. So I want to just kind of start with that statement. And we've got a little bit more flexibility probably when you look at some of the programs that Kevin outlined as we go forward to make adjustments. So that would probably be our ability to maneuver a little quicker. In China we made we paid everybody 100% in Q1 a very difficult restart. The country was pretty hard closed for a longer period of time. And we're going to have I mean we'll have to see what happens in the U.S. Hopefully we won't experience resurgence. And hopefully that we'll see the country continue to open up.

Nathan Jones - Stifel - Analyst

Okay. That's helpful. And then a question on cash flow. Working capital for the remainder of the year would you assume that that's going to be a source of cash 2Q through 4Q? And any guidance you can give us on what you think the kind of cash conversion numbers are going to look like for 2020?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I'm not going to frame it from an amount but working capital we're not going to pressure our pressure inventory is a great deal right now in this environment. We're going to make sure we're carrying inventories adequately to cover our needs. We may even increase a bit in certain areas where we would like to make sure we've got safety stocks. In China we would expect that there would be some growth because we've got expectation that we're going to see a little bit of growth over the course of the year. So not a firm number but working capital I wouldn't expect a lot of help on working capital for the back half of the year but we'll watch it closely.

Operator

And your next question comes from the line of Robert McCarthy with Stephens.

Robert McCarthy - Stephens - Analyst

Sorry I was a glutton for punishment. So I guess the next question is maybe you just comment qualitatively. I know historically your gross margin in China has always been higher than North America even with the price increases we saw serially over the last four or five years. But clearly given what you've been seeing now I mean can you structurally still make that statement? Or are we starting to see some material dilution in the gross margin in China?

Charles T. Lauber - Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Well Q1 the gross margin in China was lower than our historical 40%. So Q1 certainly was there's a couple of things driving it. It's the dramatic volume shift that's number one and the cost associated with that. And this we've been talking about some of the mid-price pressure on margin. We've introduced a lot of mid-priced products or a number of upper mid-priced products that we're very very happy about that are being well received. However we've got some cost-out programs that are still yet to come on a couple of those. So I mean when you look at Q1 yes China actually was lower than our historical average gross margin gross profit.

Robert McCarthy - Stephens - Analyst

And do you think it's still credible? I mean because I think you've been talking about the replacement cycle in China developing over time. And obviously up until 18 months ago you just had an incredible success story in China. But you talked about the replacement market kind of developing and I think the replacement market maybe if memory serves is in the I don't know 40% to 50% maybe 40% of the market as of I don't know 12 to 18 months ago. But given the intervention of this midsized product and what's going on I mean isn't it suffice to say that perhaps you're going to take a pause here? Or is it even the right thing to think about a replacement market when you have this kind of switching to a lower priced product?

Kevin J. Wheeler - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Well I'll do my best to try to answer that. One the replacement market is about 40% to 50%. So you're in line there. And 50% is in the Tier one Tier two cities and you get out in the other lower-tier cities it's about 40%. And again I would go back to we still have again products from mid-price up to premium. We continue to drive both sides of the business and bringing new products to market both in gas electric and of course water treatment. But on the water heater side there is a strong preference for like-for-like and that's no different than in the U.S. If you take out a product you're probably leaning towards putting one similar in. So the way I look at the replacement market it's again it's a nice buffer for us that we're not relying on new constructions and so forth. And we think it's going to be today it's 50% we believe it's going to be a real advantage for us as that continues to grow throughout the year. So I don't see the mid-price point and the premium price point at odds with each other. They're just serving different types of consumers.

Operator

And there are no other questions. I will now turn the call back over to Patricia Ackerman.

Patricia K. Ackerman - Senior Vice President Investor Relations, Treasurer, and Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability

Thank you ladies and gentlemen for joining us today. That concludes our session and have a great day.

Operator

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Q1 2020

Earnings Transcript

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